Substance Use Disorder and Violence Among People with Severe Mental Illness in the United States.

In studying substance use disorder (SUD) and violence in severe mental illness (SMI), researchers account for presence of SUD or addictions to specific substances. However these studies fail to comprehensively capture solitary drug use versus specific combinations in a single exhaustive variable with more nuance (e.g.

Wanna grab some dinner? Social relations between helping professionals and members of community mental health or other human service organizations.

Purpose: Could practitioners and members (consumers) of mental health or other organizations interact socially by regularly going out for drinks or dinner together, for example? The American Psychological Association explicitly states for example, "your psychologist shouldn't also be your friend." However such social interactions have occurred for decades in certain clubhouse-modeled community mental healthcare, and maybe research and a more balanced perspective is warranted.

Design/method: We interviewed six clubhouse staff that interact socially with members and held three focus groups with 20 members.

Association between overcrowded households, multigenerational households, and COVID-19: a cohort study.

Introduction: The role of overcrowded and multigenerational households as a risk factor for COVID-19 remains unmeasured. The objective of this study is to examine and quantify the association between overcrowded and multigenerational households, and COVID-19 in New York City (NYC).

Methods: We conducted a Bayesian ecological time series analysis at the ZIP Code Tabulation Area (ZCTA) level in NYC to assess whether ZCTAs with higher proportions of overcrowded (defined as proportion of estimated number of housing units with more than one occupant per room) and multigenerational households (defined as the estimated percentage of residences occupied by a grandparent and a grandchild less than 18 years of age) were independently associated with higher suspected COVID-19 case rates (from NYC Department of Health Syndromic Surveillance data for March 1 to 30, 2020).

Safety first: significant risk of air embolism in laparoscopic gasketless insufflation systems.

Background: Gasketless laparoscopic insufflator systems are marketed for the ability to prevent desufflation of pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopy. However, surgeons raised concern for possible introduction of non-absorbable room air, including oxygen (O), with these systems. A community-university collaborative was created to test this hypothesis.

Correlates of Opioid Use Disorders among People with Severe Mental Illness in the United States.

Background/objectives: The number of Americans with opioid use disorders (OUDs: prescription painkillers or heroin) has increased dramatically, yet little is known about OUD among people with severe mental illness (SMI).

Methods: Using the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (N = 502,467), logistic regression was used to: (1) identify factors associated with past-year OUD among people with SMI; and (2) examine associations between OUD and adverse outcomes (e.g.

Willingness to Ask Tor Help Among Persons with Severe Mental illness: Call for Research.

There are times when people with severe mental illness (SMI) must be willing to ask for help (e.g., with managing symptoms).

Risk of criminal justice system involvement among people with co-occurring severe mental illness and substance use disorder.

While there are documented risk factors for criminal justice system involvement (CJSI) among persons with severe mental illness, little is known about risk for CJSI among people with co-occurring severe mental illness and substance use disorders. Using logistic regression, we identified sociodemographic and clinical risk factors that most increase risk of CJSI among people with co-occurring disorders (N = 10,855: National Survey of Drug use and Health, 2006-2014), and examined whether co-occurring disorders increase CJSI risk and risk of violent offenses in relation to severe mental illness alone versus substance use disorder alone. Seventeen percent of people with co-occurring disorders in our study were arrested and booked for breaking the law in the past year.

Loneliness Among Persons With Severe Mental Illness.

Although studies show that loneliness increases risk of illness and hastens death, it is poorly understood among persons with severe mental illness (SMI). Using data on 150 people with SMI, we used logistic regression to predict (1) loneliness from sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, and (2) psychiatric hospitalization from presence of loneliness. We also examined mediating effects.

Delinquency, depression, and substance use disorder among child welfare-involved adolescent females.

Although adolescents with delinquency are known to have higher-than-average rates of depression or substance use disorder (SUD), research on the topic is inconsistent. It remains unclear weather depression or SUD leads to delinquency, whether delinquency leads to depression or SUD, or whether there is bi-directionality. Utilizing the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (Wave I: 2008-2009; Wave II: 18 months later: N=5872), we used logistic regression to predict depression from delinquency (and vice versa), and SUD from delinquency (and vice versa).

Genetic variants from lipid-related pathways and risk for incident myocardial infarction.

Background: Circulating lipids levels, as well as several familial lipid metabolism disorders, are strongly associated with initiation and progression of atherosclerosis and incidence of myocardial infarction (MI).

Objectives: We hypothesized that genetic variants associated with circulating lipid levels would also be associated with MI incidence, and have tested this in three independent samples.

Setting And Subjects: Using age- and sex-adjusted additive genetic models, we analyzed 554 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 41 candidate gene regions proposed to be involved in lipid-related pathways potentially predisposing to incidence of MI in 2,602 participants of the Swedish Twin Register (STR; 57% women).

Sortilin receptor 1 predicts longitudinal cognitive change.

The gene encoding sortilin receptor 1 (SORL1) has been associated with Alzheimer's disease risk. We examined 15 SORL1 variants and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) set risk scores in relation to longitudinal verbal, spatial, memory, and perceptual speed performance, testing for age trends and sex-specific effects. Altogether, 1609 individuals from 3 population-based Swedish twin studies were assessed up to 5 times across 16 years.

A genome-wide assessment of variability in human serum metabolism.

The study of the genetic regulation of metabolism in human serum samples can contribute to a better understanding of the intermediate biological steps that lead from polymorphism to disease. Here, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to discover metabolic quantitative trait loci (mQTLs) utilizing samples from a study of prostate cancer in Swedish men, consisting of 402 individuals (214 cases and 188 controls) in a discovery set and 489 case-only samples in a replication set. A global nontargeted metabolite profiling approach was utilized resulting in the detection of 6,138 molecular features followed by targeted identification of associated metabolites.

Call for research: detecting early vulnerability for psychiatric hospitalization.

This study delineated the extent to which a broad set of risk factors in youth, a period well suited to primary prevention strategies, influences the likelihood and timing of first lifetime psychiatric hospitalizations. Logistic regression was used to delineate early risk factors for psychiatric hospitalization among Americans in a nationally representative survey (NCS-R, Part II, 2001-2003: N = 5,692). Results suggest that inpatient stay is more common and happens at earlier ages among Americans who report growing up with versus without: (1) depressed parents or caregivers, (2) family members who victimized them, or (3) one of three child mental illnesses (conduct, oppositional defiant, or separation anxiety disorder).

Discovery by the Epistasis Project of an epistatic interaction between the GSTM3 gene and the HHEX/IDE/KIF11 locus in the risk of Alzheimer's disease.

Despite recent discoveries in the genetics of sporadic Alzheimer's disease, there remains substantial "hidden heritability." It is thought that some of this missing heritability may be because of gene-gene, i.e.

Risk of inpatient stay for mental illness among individuals with substance use disorders.

Objective: Whereas most studies of inpatient stay for mental illness examine whether substance use is present, this study identified types or combinations of abused substances that most increased hospitalization risk.

Methods: Logistic regression of data from the 2007 National Survey of Drug Use and Health (N=37,654) was used to predict past-year hospitalization of individuals with DSM-IV substance use disorders.

Results: Even after the inclusion of control variables, adults with four types of substance abuse or dependence were more likely to be hospitalized than adults without substance abuse or dependence.

Serious mental illness and risk of new HIV/AIDS diagnoses: an analysis of Medicaid beneficiaries in eight states.

Objective: A longitudinal analysis was used to explore the relationship between diagnosis of serious mental illness and subsequent new diagnoses of HIV.

Methods: Logistic regression was used to predict HIV/AIDS diagnoses in 2002–2004 among Medicaid beneficiaries in eight states (N=6,417,676) who were without HIV in 2001. Results for beneficiaries with and without serious mental illness, a substance use disorder, and psychiatric comorbidities in 2001 were compared.

Genetic variation in MME in relation to neprilysin protein and enzyme activity, Aβ levels, and Alzheimer's disease risk.

Neprilysin (NEP), also known as membrane metalloendopeptidase (MME), is considered amongst the most important β-amyloid (Aβ)-degrading enzymes with regard to prevention of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Variation in the NEP gene (MME) has been suggested as a risk factor for AD. We conducted a genetic association study of 7MME SNPs - rs1836914, rs989692, rs9827586, rs6797911, rs61760379, rs3736187, rs701109 - with respect to AD risk in a cohort of 1057 probable and confirmed AD cases and 424 age-matched non-demented controls from the United Kingdom, Italy and Sweden.

Genome-wide and gene-based association implicates FRMD6 in Alzheimer disease.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) that allow for allelic heterogeneity may facilitate the discovery of novel genes not detectable by models that require replication of a single variant site. One strategy to accomplish this is to focus on genes rather than markers as units of association, and so potentially capture a spectrum of causal alleles that differ across populations. Here, we conducted a GWAS of Alzheimer disease (AD) in 2,586 Swedes and performed gene-based meta-analysis with three additional studies from France, Canada, and the United States, in total encompassing 4,259 cases and 8,284 controls.

An assessment of CETP sequence variation in relation to cognitive decline and dementia risk.

The gene encoding the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) plays an integral role in lipid metabolism. We evaluated common genetic variation spanning CETP for association with cognitive decline as well as incident and prevalent dementia and Alzheimer disease risk. Data from four population-based twin studies and a case-control sample were included, encompassing an analysis sample of 1513 dementia cases and 2137 controls with available CETP genotypes and covariates.

Genetic association of sequence variants near AGER/NOTCH4 and dementia.

We performed a survey of sequence variation in a series of 20 genes involved in inflammation-related pathways for association with dementia risk in twin and unrelated case-control samples consisting in total of 1462 Swedish dementia casesand 1929 controls. For a total of 218 tested genetic markers, strong evidence was obtained implicating a region near AGER and NOTCH4 on chromosome 6p with replication across both samples and maximum combined significance at marker rs1800625 (OR = 1.37, 95% CI 1.

Meta-analysis of the association between variants in SORL1 and Alzheimer disease.

Objective: To reexamine the association between the neuronal sortilin-related receptor gene (SORL1) and Alzheimer disease (AD).

Design: Comprehensive and unbiased meta-analysis of all published and unpublished data from case-control studies for the SORL1 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that had been repeatedly assessed across studies.

Setting: Academic research institutions in the United States, the Netherlands, Canada, Belgium, the United Kingdom, Singapore, Japan, Sweden, Germany, France, and Italy.

Associations of gene sequence variation and serum levels of C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 with Alzheimer's disease and dementia.

Inflammatory mechanisms have been implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia. We therefore sought to study DNA sequence variation and serum levels of the potent inflammatory mediators Interleukin-6 (IL6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in relation to AD and dementia. Tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (tagSNPs) were chosen to capture most variation in and around CRP and IL6 in 3937 elderly Swedish men and women (1,265 AD cases).