Auditory Hallucinations in Borderline Personality Disorder and Schizophrenia: A Quantitative Comparison Using Patient Records.

The phenomenological differences in auditory hallucinations between schizophrenia and borderline personality disorder (BPD) are unclear in the existing literature, in part due to underpowered studies and heterogeneous research populations that do not represent those in the acute clinical setting. This study addresses this by using patient records to compare auditory hallucinations at the point of clinical psychiatric assessment for 341 unique patients, 165 with BPD and 176 with schizophrenia. Patients with BPD were found to have more subjectively distressing and objectively negative hallucinations, as well as more command hallucinations.

Consensus statement on problematic knee replacement and revision knee replacement: A collaboration between EKS and BASK.

Background: Up to 20% of primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients are not satisfied with their outcome. Both the analysis of these patients and revision surgery can be complex, expensive and outcomes can vary widely.

Aim: The aim of this study was to deliver consensus recommendations regarding outpatient analysis, surgical treatment and arrangement of clinical services concerning patients with a problematic TKA or revision knee replacement (RTKA).

Carnitine supplementation in progressive supranuclear palsy.

Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative disorders, including progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). PSP is a Parkinsonian syndrome characterized by a rapidly progressive state that manifests itself as tremors, bradykinesia, and supranuclear gaze palsy. Carnitine plays an essential role in mitochondrial function by transporting fatty acids across the mitochondrial membrane to be used in energy production.

SPECT-CT may aid in determining which side of a revision stemmed implant problematic total knee replacement is loose when planning revision surgery.

Aim: To evaluate SPECT-CT in the diagnosis of single component aseptic loosening in patients with a problematic cemented stemmed TKR (Total Knee Replacement).

Methods: SPECT-CT was performed where aseptic loosening was suspected but was not clear on plain radiography. Demographics, suspected diagnosis and intention to revise were collected prospectively before and after SPECT-CT.

The neural instantiation of spontaneous counterfactual thought.

Many of the most interesting cognitive feats that humans perform require us to consider not just the things that but also . We often do this explicitly (e.g.

Decomposing modal thought.

Cognitive scientists have become increasingly interested in understanding how natural minds represent and reason about possible ways the world could be. However, there is currently little agreement on how to understand this remarkable capacity for modal thought. We argue that the capacity for modal thought is built from a set of relatively simple component parts, centrally involving an ability to consider possible extensions of a part of the actual world.

Association of bronchial disease on CT imaging and clinical definitions of chronic bronchitis in a single-center COPD phenotyping study.

Introduction: Chronic Bronchitis (CB) represents a phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). While several definitions have been used for diagnosis, the relationship between clinical definitions and radiologic assessment of bronchial disease (BD) has not been well studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between three clinical definitions of CB and radiographic findings of BD in spirometry-defined COPD patients.

Embedded Complexity of Evolutionary Sequences.

Multiple pathways and outcomes are common in evolutionary sequences for biological and other environmental systems due to nonlinear complexity, historical contingency, and disturbances. From any starting point, multiple evolutionary pathways are possible. From an endpoint or observed state, multiple possibilities exist for the sequence of events that created it.

Assembling a Hippo: the evolutionary emergence of an animal developmental signaling pathway.

Decades of work in developmental genetics has given us a deep mechanistic understanding of the fundamental signaling pathways underlying animal development. However, little is known about how these pathways emerged and changed over evolutionary time. Here, we review our current understanding of the evolutionary emergence of the Hippo pathway, a conserved signaling pathway that regulates tissue size in animals.

Does arthroscopic or open washout in native knee septic arthritis result in superior post-operative function? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials and observational studies.

Aims: Septic arthritis (SA) of the native knee joint is associated with significant morbidity. This review compared post-operative functional outcomes (patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and range of movement (ROM)) following arthroscopic washout (AW) and open washout (OW) amongst adult patients with SA of the native knee. The need for further operative intervention was also considered.

Improved Detection of Tryptic Peptides from Tissue Sections Using Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging.

DESI-MSI is an ambient ionization technique used frequently for the detection of lipids, small molecules, and drug targets. Until recently, DESI had only limited use for the detection of proteins and peptides due to the setup and needs around deconvolution of data resulting in a small number of species being detected at lower spatial resolution. There are known differences in the ion species detected using DESI and MALDI for nonpeptide molecules, and here, we identify that this extends to proteomic species.

Sensorineural correlates of failed functional recovery after natural regeneration of vestibular hair cells in adult mice.

Vestibular hair cells (HCs) are mechanoreceptors that sense head motions by modulating the firing rate of vestibular ganglion neurons (VGNs), whose central processes project to vestibular nucleus neurons (VNNs) and cerebellar neurons. We explored vestibular function after HC destruction in adult mice, in which injections of high-dose (50 ng/g) diphtheria toxin (DT) destroyed most vestibular HCs within 2 weeks. At that time, mice had lost the horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflex (aVOR), and their VNNs failed to upregulate nuclear cFos expression in response to a vestibular stimulus (centrifugation).

The Hippo kinase cascade regulates a contractile cell behavior and cell density in a close unicellular relative of animals.

The genomes of close unicellular relatives of animals encode orthologs of many genes that regulate animal development. However, little is known about the function of such genes in unicellular organisms or the evolutionary process by which these genes came to function in multicellular development. The Hippo pathway, which regulates cell proliferation and tissue size in animals, is present in some of the closest unicellular relatives of animals, including the amoeboid organism .

Social Determinants of Health and Cancer Care: An ASCO Policy Statement.

ASCO's new policy statement on SDOH supports practices that sustain and advance cancer health equity.

Practical Considerations in Dose Extrapolation from Animals to Humans.

Animal studies are an important component of drug product development and the regulatory review process since modern practices have been in place, for almost a century. A variety of experimental systems are available to generate aerosols for delivery to animals in both liquid and solid forms. The extrapolation of deposited dose in the lungs from laboratory animals to humans is challenging because of genetic, anatomical, physiological, pharmacological, and other biological differences between species.

Transient Structural Dynamics of Glycogen Phosphorylase from Nonequilibrium Hydrogen/Deuterium-Exchange Mass Spectrometry.

It remains a major challenge to ascertain the specific structurally dynamic changes that underpin protein functional switching. There is a growing need in molecular biology and drug discovery to complement structural models with the ability to determine the dynamic structural changes that occur as these proteins are regulated and function. The archetypal allosteric enzyme glycogen phosphorylase is a clinical target of great interest to treat type II diabetes and metastatic cancers.

Randomised trial of genetic testing and targeted intervention to prevent the development and progression of Paget's disease of bone.

Introduction: Paget's disease of bone (PDB) frequently presents at an advanced stage with irreversible skeletal damage. Clinical outcomes might be improved by earlier diagnosis and prophylactic treatment.

Methods: We randomised 222 individuals at increased risk of PDB because of pathogenic variants to receive 5 mg zoledronic acid (ZA) or placebo.

Improved stability second harmonic conversion of a diode-pumped Yb:YAG laser at the 0.5 kW level.

We report on efficient and stable, type-I phase-matched second harmonic conversion of a nanosecond high-energy, diode-pumped, Yb:YAG laser. With a frequency-doubling crystal in an enclosed, temperature controller with optical windows, 0.5% energy stability was achieved for approximately half an hour.

Predictors of mortality in periprosthetic fractures of the hip: Results from the national PPF study.

Introduction: Periprosthetic fractures (PPFs) around the hip joint are increasing in prevalence. In this collaborative study, we aimed to investigate the impact of patient demographics, fracture characteristics, and modes of management on in-hospital mortality of PPFs involving the hip.

Methods: Using a multi-centre cohort study design, we retrospectively identified adults presenting with a PPF around the hip over a 10-year period.

Locating what comes to mind in empirically derived representational spaces.

Real-world judgements and decisions often require choosing from an open-ended set of options which cannot be exhaustively considered before a choice is made. Recent work has found that the options people do consider tend to have particular features, such as high historical value. Here, we pursue the idea that option generation during decision making may reflect a more general mechanism for calling things to mind, by which relevant features in a context-appropriate representational space guide what comes to mind.