Transcriptomic analysis reveals a critical role for activating Gα mutations in spontaneous feline hyperthyroidism.

Feline hyperthyroidism (FHT) is a debilitating disease affecting > 10% of elderly cats. It is generally characterised by chronic elevation of thyroid hormone in the absence of circulating TSH. Understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of FHT is currently limited.

Type 1 diabetes depends on CD4-driven expression of the transcriptional repressor, Bcl6.

High-affinity islet autoantibodies predict type 1 diabetes in mice and humans and implicate germinal centers (GCs) in type 1 diabetes pathogenesis. T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are increased in type 1 diabetic individuals and alterations in Tfh-like cells in the peripheral blood predicted individual responses to abatacept. Tfh cells support GC responses and depend on the transcriptional repressor BCL6 for their maturation.

Lumbar Sitting Behavior of Individuals with Low Back Pain: A Preliminary Study Using Extended Real-World Data.

Low back pain affects 619 million people worldwide and is commonly provoked by sitting. Current assessment methods constrain task variability, removing real-world, task-switching behaviors. This study utilized accelerometers to provide an original validated method of in vivo real-world assessment of lumbar sitting behavior throughout a full day.

Validity and reliability of inertial measurement units used to measure motion of the lumbar spine: A systematic review of individuals with and without low back pain.

Low back pain (LBP) is a leading cause of disability, resulting in aberrant movement. This movement is difficult to measure accurately in clinical practice and gold standard methods, such as optoelectronic systems involve the use of expensive laboratory equipment. Inertial measurement units (IMU) offer an alternative method of quantifying movement that is accessible in most environments.

Can a Purposeful Walk Intervention with a Distance Goal Using an Activity Monitor Improve Individuals' Daily Activity and Function Post Total Hip Replacement Surgery. A Randomized Pilot Trial.

Individuals have increasingly high expectations of return to activity following total hip replacement (THR) surgery. The current literature demonstrates marked improvements in pain following THR. However, there is limited evidence showing objective improvement in daily activity.

Longitudinal Assessment of Pancreas Volume by MRI Predicts Progression to Stage 3 Type 1 Diabetes.

Objective: This multicenter prospective cohort study compared pancreas volume as assessed by MRI, metabolic scores derived from oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT), and a combination of pancreas volume and metabolic scores for predicting progression to stage 3 type 1 diabetes (T1D) in individuals with multiple diabetes-related autoantibodies.

Research Design And Methods: Pancreas MRI was performed in 65 multiple autoantibody-positive participants enrolled in the Type 1 Diabetes TrialNet Pathway to Prevention study. Prediction of progression to stage 3 T1D was assessed using pancreas volume index (PVI), OGTT-derived Index60 score and Diabetes Prevention Trial-Type 1 Risk Score (DPTRS), and a combination of PVI and DPTRS.

Informing wobble-board training and assessment through an investigation of the effect of biological-sex, anthropometrics, footwear and dual-tasking in young adults.

Background: Despite wobble board use being common in physiotherapy the effect of certain factors, essential to clinical reasoning, have not been investigated.

Objective: To determine the effect of biological sex, anthropometrics, footwear and dual tasking (DT) on wobble board balance performance.

Methods: Eighty-six healthy participants (44 females) had their wobble board performance measured during double-leg-stance (DLS) with eyes open (DLSEO), closed (DLSEC) and single-leg-stance (SLS) tasks, with and without footwear and a DT added.

A feasibility study to evaluate a purposeful walk intervention with a distance goal using a commercially available activity monitor in elderly people post total hip replacement surgery.

Introduction: Total hip replacement (THR) is performed in an increasing number of individuals around the world and while improvements in pain reduction and long-term enhancement of muscle strength are well documented, the improvement in daily activity does not follow the same trend. This study aimed to determine the feasibility of a 5-week intervention where a personalised outdoor walking distance is monitored using a commercial activity monitor (Fitbit Charge 4).

Method: Data was collected on gait and activities of daily living using patient reported outcome measures.

Longitudinal MRI Shows Progressive Decline in Pancreas Size and Altered Pancreas Shape in Type 1 Diabetes.

Context: Individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) have a smaller pancreas, but longitudinal changes in pancreas size and shape are unclear.

Objective: We monitored changes in pancreas size and shape after diagnosis with T1D.

Design: We conducted a prospective cohort study at an academic medical center between 2014 and 2022.

Insulin Deficiency From Insulin Gene Mutation Leads to Smaller Pancreas.

Objective: To determine the mechanism of reduced pancreas size in type 1 diabetes and the significance of islet-derived insulin in pancreatic growth.

Research Design And Methods: Using a validated and standardized MRI protocol, we measured pancreas volume and shape in a family with an autosomal-dominant insulin gene mutation that results in insulin deficiency similar in severity to that of type 1 diabetes but without autoimmunity. DNA sequencing confirmed the mutation in all four affected individuals and none of the four control family members.

Interleukin-10 Deficiency Impacts on TNF-Induced NFκB Regulated Responses In Vivo.

Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine that has a major protective role against intestinal inflammation. We recently revealed that intestinal epithelial cells in vitro regulate NFκB-driven transcriptional responses to TNF via an autocrine mechanism dependent on IL-10 secretion. Here in this study, we investigated the impact of IL-10 deficiency on the NFκB pathway and its downstream targets in the small intestinal mucosa in vivo.

The reliability of video fluoroscopy, ultrasound imaging, magnetic resonance imaging and radiography for measurements of lumbar spine segmental range of motion in-vivo: A review.

Background: Lower back pain (LBP) is a principal cause of disability worldwide and is associated with a variety of spinal conditions. Individuals presenting with LBP may display changes in spinal motion. Despite this, the ability to measure lumbar segmental range of motion (ROM) non-invasively remains a challenge.

Validity, reliability, minimal detectable change, and methodological considerations for HHD and portable fixed frame isometric hip and groin strength testing: A comparison of unilateral and bilateral testing methods.

Objectives: Comparative assessment of bilateral (KangaTech) and unilateral (HHD) testing modalities through concurrent validity and test-retest reliability. Methodological considerations explored include minimum repetitions and comparison of average and maximum values.

Design: Experimental, observational.

deficiency and its impact on plasma cells and immunoglobulin expression in murine small intestinal mucosa.

The alternative (noncanonical) nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway predominantly regulates the function of the p52/RelB heterodimer. Germline 2 deficiency in mice leads to loss of p100/p52 protein and offers protection against a variety of gastrointestinal conditions, including azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis-associated cancer and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced small intestinal epithelial apoptosis. However, the common underlying protective mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated.

In vivo through-range passive stiffness of the lumbar spine: a meta-analysis of measurements and methods.

Passive spinal stiffness is an important property thought to play a significant role in controlling spinal position and movement. Measuring through-range passive stiffness in vivo is challenging with several methods offered in the literature. Currently, no synthesis of values or methods exists to which to compare literature to.

Limb specific training magnitude and asymmetry measurement to discriminate between athletes with and without unilateral or bilateral lower limb injury history.

Objectives: This study investigates the use of tibia-mounted inertial measurement units (IMUs) as an alternative to upper trunk-mounted IMUs for assessing lower limb training magnitudes and asymmetries in Badminton players.

Design: Cross-Sectional Study.

Setting: Youth athlete training environment.

Isolevuglandins disrupt PU.1-mediated C1q expression and promote autoimmunity and hypertension in systemic lupus erythematosus.

We describe a mechanism responsible for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In humans with SLE and in 2 SLE murine models, there was marked enrichment of isolevuglandin-adducted proteins (isoLG adducts) in monocytes and dendritic cells. We found that antibodies formed against isoLG adducts in both SLE-prone mice and humans with SLE.

Accuracy of Continuous Glucose Monitors for Inpatient Diabetes Management.

Introduction: In hospitalized patients, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) may improve glycemic control, prevent hypoglycemic events, and reduce staff workload compared with point-of-care (POC) capillary glucose monitoring.

Methods: To evaluate CGM accuracy and safety of use in the inpatient setting, two versions of CGM sensors were placed on 43 and 34 adult patients with diabetes admitted to non-intensive care unit (ICU) medical wards, respectively. CGM accuracy relative to POC and safety of use were measured by calculating mean absolute relative difference (MARD) and by Clarke Error Grid (CEG) analysis.

Deep learning-based pancreas volume assessment in individuals with type 1 diabetes.

Pancreas volume is reduced in individuals with diabetes and in autoantibody positive individuals at high risk for developing type 1 diabetes (T1D). Studies investigating pancreas volume are underway to assess pancreas volume in large clinical databases and studies, but manual pancreas annotation is time-consuming and subjective, preventing extension to large studies and databases. This study develops deep learning for automated pancreas volume measurement in individuals with diabetes.

Altered Mitochondrial Homeostasis during Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Impairs Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation Rendering Neutrophils Ineffective at Combating .

Inflammation involves a delicate balance between pathogen clearance and limiting host tissue damage, and perturbations in this equilibrium promote disease. Patients suffering from autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), have higher levels of serum S100A9 protein and increased risk for infection. S100A9 is highly abundant within neutrophils and modulates antimicrobial activity in response to bacterial pathogens.

Fox () involvement identified in a series of cat carcass mutilations.

This study was designed to identify the cause of mutilation and death in 32 cats, part of a larger cohort found dead in Greater London, the United Kingdom, between 2016 and 2018. At the time, discussion in the media led to concerns of a human serial cat killer (dubbed The Croydon Cat Killer) pursuing domestic cats, causing a state of disquietude. Given the link between animal abuse and domestic violence, human intervention had to be ruled out.

Development of a standardized MRI protocol for pancreas assessment in humans.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has detected changes in pancreas volume and other characteristics in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. However, differences in MRI technology and approaches across locations currently limit the incorporation of pancreas imaging into multisite trials. The purpose of this study was to develop a standardized MRI protocol for pancreas imaging and to define the reproducibility of these measurements.

Validity and reliability of innovative field measurements of tibial accelerations and spinal kinematics during cricket fast bowling.

The use of inertial sensors in fast bowling analysis may offer a cheaper and portable alternative to current methodologies. However, no previous studies have assessed the validity and reliability of such methods. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of collecting tibial accelerations and spinal kinematics using inertial sensors during in vivo fast bowling.

Why Do People Undergo THR and What Do They Expect to Gain-A Comparison of the Views of Patients and Health Care Professionals.

Little concerted effort has been made to understand why individuals undergo total hip replacement (THR) surgery and their rehabilitation goals. Similarly, insight of views and perspective of health care professionals' (HCPs) regarding surgery and what objective measures help them with decision-making is lacking. This patient and public involvement report aimed to explore both patients' and HCPs' perspectives of THR surgery.