Contemporary role of minimally invasive thoracic surgery in the management of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations: report of two cases and review of the literature.

Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVM) can have potentially serious neurological and cardiac consequences if left untreated. Embolization has supplanted surgical resection as the first line treatment modality. However, this technique is not always successful and carries risks of air embolism, migration of the coil, myocardial rupture, vascular injury, pulmonary hypertension, and pulmonary infarction.

Fosfomycin/tobramycin for inhalation in patients with cystic fibrosis with pseudomonas airway infection.

Rationale: Fosfomycin/tobramycin for inhalation (FTI), a unique, broad-spectrum antibiotic combination, may have therapeutic potential for patients with cystic fibrosis (CF).

Objectives: To evaluate safety and efficacy of FTI (160/40 mg or 80/20 mg), administered twice daily for 28 days versus placebo, in patients greater than or equal to 18 years of age, with CF, chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) airway infection, and FEV(1) greater than or equal to 25% and less than or equal to 75% predicted.

Methods: This double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study assessed whether FTI/placebo maintained FEV(1) % predicted improvements achieved following a 28-day, open-label, run-in course of aztreonam for inhalation solution (AZLI).

Teaching medical students how to teach: a national survey of students-as-teachers programs in U.S. medical schools.

Purpose: A number of U.S. medical schools started offering formal students-as-teachers (SAT) training programs to assist medical students in their roles as future teachers.

Subthreshold infrared footprinting with indocyanine green for localizing low-intensity infrared photocoagulation.

A novel technique for localizing subthreshold infrared (810 nm) laser treatment and its use in three patients is described. Two patients were treated for choroidal neovascularization with transpupillary thermotherapy or focal subthreshold photocoagulation, and the third patient was treated with grid laser photocoagulation for diabetic macular edema using the 810-nm laser after undergoing indocyanine green angiography for diagnostic purposes. Postoperative indocyanine green images, obtained without reinjection of indocyanine green, revealed areas of hypofluorescence that corresponded to the laser treatment spots.