Efficacy and Outcomes of Faecal Microbiota Transplantation for Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection in Children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Background: Children with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] are disproportionally affected by recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection [rCDI]. Although faecal microbiota transplantation [FMT] has been used with good efficacy in adults with IBD, little is known about outcomes associated with FMT in paediatric IBD.

Methods: We performed a retrospective review of FMT at 20 paediatric centres in the USA from March 2012 to March 2020.

A novel bidirectional interaction between endothelin-3 and retinoic acid in rat enteric nervous system precursors.

Background: Signaling through the endothelin receptor B (EDNRB) is critical for the development of the enteric nervous system (ENS) and mutations in endothelin system genes cause Hirschsprung's aganglionosis in humans. Penetrance of the disease is modulated by other genetic factors. Mutations affecting retinoic acid (RA) signaling also produce aganglionosis in mice.

Invasive group a streptococcus associated with an intrauterine device and oral sex.

Background: Peritonitis due to group A Streptococcus (GAS) and toxic shock syndrome occurred in a previously healthy 45-year-old woman with an intrauterine device. The intrauterine device was believed to be the portal of entry. In addition, her husband was found to be an asymptomatic carrier of GAS in his oropharynx.