Comparison of 1-year mortality predictions from vendor-supplied academic model for cancer patients.

Purpose: The Epic End of Life Care Index (EOLCI) predicts 1-year mortality for a general adult population using medical record data. It is deployed at various medical centers, but we are not aware of an independent validation. We evaluated its performance for predicting 1-year mortality in patients with metastatic cancer, comparing it against an academic machine learning model designed for cancer patients.

The caretaker-reversible Tarsorrhaphy.

Purpose: To present a modification of the reversible tarsorrhaphy that can be opened and reclosed as necessary by caretakers and the patient.

Methods: Retrospective case series of patients who underwent the reversible tarsorrhaphy. Materials included intravenous (IV) tubing as bolsters and 4-0 polypropylene suture.

B cells drive neuropathic pain-related behaviors in mice through IgG-Fc gamma receptor signaling.

Neuroimmune interactions are essential for the development of neuropathic pain, yet the contributions of distinct immune cell populations have not been fully unraveled. Here, we demonstrate the critical role of B cells in promoting mechanical hypersensitivity (allodynia) after peripheral nerve injury in male and female mice. Depletion of B cells with a single injection of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody at the time of injury prevented the development of allodynia.

Impact of controlled ice nucleation on intracellular dehydration, ice formation and their implications on T cell freeze-thaw viability.

Cryopreservation is important in manufacturing of cell therapy products, influencing their safety and effectiveness. During freezing and thawing, intracellular events such as dehydration and ice formation can impact cell viability. In this study, the impact of controlling the ice nucleation temperature on intracellular events and viability were investigated.

The role of oculoplastic surgeons in minimally invasive cosmetic injectables.

Purpose Of Review: In recent years, the field of aesthetic medicine has witnessed a paradigm shift with an increasing demand for minimally invasive cosmetic procedures, including cosmetic injectables. This review aims to delineate the distinctive role played by oculoplastic surgeons in the administration of cosmetic injectables, comparing their expertise to that of nonphysician practitioners.

Recent Findings: Complications arising from cosmetic injections are discussed, including skin discoloration, inflammation, necrosis, vision loss, retinal pathology, and central nervous system adverse effects.

An Evidence-Based Approach to Diagnosing Patients Presenting With Orbital Inflammatory Syndromes (An American Ophthalmological Society Thesis).

Purpose: The initial management of patients presenting with orbital inflammatory syndromes varies-with some pursuing a diagnostic workup while others treat without any testing. The evidence behind this rationale is limited. A review of patients with orbital inflammation is performed with an analysis of diagnostic testing to develop a workflow for such patients.

Epidemiology of Orbital Inflammatory Disease: An AAO IRIS Registry Study.

Purpose: The current study queries the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) Intelligent Research in Sight (IRIS) registry for data on the epidemiology, work-up, and management patterns of autoimmune orbital inflammation.

Methods: Analysis and description of patient data from the IRIS registry between 2013 and 2019 reviewing patients with autoimmune or idiopathic orbital inflammation with filters based on International Classification of Disease (ICD) and Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes. Patients with thyroid eye disease, orbital cellulitis, and orbital abscess were excluded.

Stargardt macular dystrophy and therapeutic approaches.

Stargardt macular dystrophy (Stargardt disease; STGD1; OMIM 248200) is the most prevalent inherited macular dystrophy. STGD1 is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by multiple pathogenic sequence variants in the large gene (OMIM 601691). Major advances in understanding both the clinical and molecular features, as well as the underlying pathophysiology, have culminated in many completed, ongoing and planned human clinical trials of novel therapies.

Association of Somatic TET2 Mutations With Giant Cell Arteritis.

Objective: Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is an age-related vasculitis. Prior studies have identified an association between GCA and hematologic malignancies (HMs). How the presence of somatic mutations that drive the development of HMs, or clonal hematopoiesis (CH), may influence clinical outcomes in GCA is not well understood.

Steroid-responsive unilateral keratouveitis following systemic treatment in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus and leishmaniasis.

Ocular leishmaniasis, a rare form of vector-borne parasitic infection, can affect the adnexa, retina, uvea, and cornea. Coinfection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Leishmania may be a distinct clinical entity as the pathogens act synergistically, enhancing each other's pathogenicity, and leading to more severe forms of the disease. Ocular leishmaniasis in the setting of HIV coinfection most commonly causes anterior granulomatous uveitis, for which the etiology can be either active ocular infection or posttreatment inflammatory phenomenon.

VLDL receptor gene therapy for reducing atherogenic lipoproteins.

Over the past 40 years, there has been considerable research into the management and treatment of atherogenic lipid disorders. Although the majority of treatments and management strategies for cardiovascular disease (CVD) center around targeting low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), there is mounting evidence for the residual CVD risk attributed to high triglyceride (TG) and lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) levels despite the presence of lowered LDL-C levels. Among the biological mechanisms for clearing TG-rich lipoproteins, the VLDL receptor (VLDLR) plays a key role in the trafficking and metabolism of lipoprotein particles in multiple tissues, but it is not ordinarily expressed in the liver.

Investigating real-world consequences of biases in commonly used clinical calculators.

Objectives: To evaluate whether one summary metric of calculator performance sufficiently conveys equity across different demographic subgroups, as well as to evaluate how calculator predictive performance affects downstream health outcomes.

Study Design: We evaluate 3 commonly used clinical calculators-Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD), CHA2DS2-VASc, and simplified Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (sPESI)-on the cohort extracted from the Stanford Medicine Research Data Repository, following the cohort selection process as described in respective calculator derivation papers.

Methods: We quantified the predictive performance of the 3 clinical calculators across sex and race.

The Role of Steroids for Pediatric Orbital Cellulitis - Review of the Controversy.

Orbital cellulitis in the pediatric population is treated primarily with antibiotic therapy. This leaves the inflammatory component unchecked. Corticosteroid therapy has been used to accelerate recovery and decrease the long-term morbidity in other infectious conditions.

An orbital calcific cyst following exenteration.

A 77-year-old Asian female with a history of left orbit exenteration and lid-sparing reconstruction for recurrent sebaceous carcinoma presented with fluid-like sensation of the left orbit. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated bright T2 signal and a cyst-like cavity within the exenterated orbit. Decision was made to proceed with surgical exploration and excision.

Considerations in the reliability and fairness audits of predictive models for advance care planning.

Multiple reporting guidelines for artificial intelligence (AI) models in healthcare recommend that models be audited for reliability and fairness. However, there is a gap of operational guidance for performing reliability and fairness audits in practice. Following guideline recommendations, we conducted a reliability audit of two models based on model performance and calibration as well as a fairness audit based on summary statistics, subgroup performance and subgroup calibration.

Assessment of Adherence to Reporting Guidelines by Commonly Used Clinical Prediction Models From a Single Vendor: A Systematic Review.

Importance: Various model reporting guidelines have been proposed to ensure clinical prediction models are reliable and fair. However, no consensus exists about which model details are essential to report, and commonalities and differences among reporting guidelines have not been characterized. Furthermore, how well documentation of deployed models adheres to these guidelines has not been studied.

Nursing Workflow Change in a COVID-19 Inpatient Unit Following the Deployment of Inpatient Telehealth: Observational Study Using a Real-Time Locating System.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic prompted widespread implementation of telehealth, including in the inpatient setting, with the goals to reduce potential pathogen exposure events and personal protective equipment (PPE) utilization. Nursing workflow adaptations in these novel environments are of particular interest given the association between nursing time at the bedside and patient safety. Understanding the frequency and duration of nurse-patient encounters following the introduction of a novel telehealth platform in the context of COVID-19 may therefore provide insight into downstream impacts on patient safety, pathogen exposure, and PPE utilization.

Monitoring Approaches for a Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease Machine Learning Model.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the ability of three metrics to monitor for a reduction in performance of a chronic kidney disease (CKD) model deployed at a pediatric hospital.

Methods: The CKD risk model estimates a patient's risk of developing CKD 3 to 12 months following an inpatient admission. The model was developed on a retrospective dataset of 4,879 admissions from 2014 to 2018, then run silently on 1,270 admissions from April to October, 2019.

Aspiration as a Novel Technique to Address Facial and Periocular Myiasis.

Suction aspiration, which has not yet been described in the treatment for myiasis in the periorbital and facial regions, was used to achieve rapid resolution of maggot burden in a 78-year-old patient who presented with a large ulcerated squamous cell carcinoma of the face. This technique also facilitates submission of parasite samples for further analysis. Suction aspiration had no complications, such as significant residual ruptured maggots in the wound or eye injury.