A Biologic With Otologic Consequences: Analysis of Hearing Loss and Teprotumumab Using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System.

Objectives: To evaluate otologic adverse reactions (OARs), including hearing loss (OARs-HL) among patients taking teprotumumab, a new biologic approved for the treatment of active thyroid eye disease, using publicly available pharmacovigilance reporting data.

Study Design: Retrospective database review.

Methods: The Food and Drug Administration Adverse Events Reporting System (FAERS) was queried for cases involving teprotumumab from 2020Q1 to 2023Q1.

Arachidonic acid inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome is a mechanism to explain the anti-inflammatory effects of fasting.

Elevated interleukin (IL)-1β levels, NLRP3 inflammasome activity, and systemic inflammation are hallmarks of chronic metabolic inflammatory syndromes, but the mechanistic basis for this is unclear. Here, we show that levels of plasma IL-1β are lower in fasting compared to fed subjects, while the lipid arachidonic acid (AA) is elevated. Lipid profiling of NLRP3-stimulated mouse macrophages shows enhanced AA production and an NLRP3-dependent eicosanoid signature.

The impact of online education during the Covid-19 pandemic on the professional identity formation of medical students: A systematic scoping review.

Evolving individual, contextual, organizational, interactional and sociocultural factors have complicated efforts to shape the professional identity formation (PIF) of medical students or how they feel, act and think as professionals. However, an almost exclusive reliance on online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic offers a unique opportunity to study the elemental structures that shape PIF and the environmental factors nurturing it. We propose two independent Systematic Evidence-Based Approach guided systematic scoping reviews (SSR in SEBA)s to map accounts of online learning environment and netiquette that structure online programs.

High but Inequitable COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake Among Rehabilitation Patients.

Introduction: There is a paucity of studies evaluating vaccine uptake in adults with neurological and musculoskeletal medical conditions. We sought to evaluate the rates of COVID-19 vaccine uptake in patients seen in an outpatient rehabilitation clinic.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective, single center study of adults seen at an outpatient rehabilitation clinic from December 1, 2020, through June 30, 2021, with an active Wisconsin Immunization Registry record.

Ocular Surface Adverse Events are not Associated with Dupilumab use in Nasal Polyp Treatment.

Objectives: Ocular surface reactions (OSR) have been associated with dupilumab for atopic dermatitis (AD) treatment. However, the association of dupilumab-associated OSR (DA-OSR) for nasal polyps (CRSwNP) treatment has not been studied. We evaluated DA-OSR for CRSwNP treatment using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).

Multi-Institutional Journal Club as a Component of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Curricula in Residency Programs.

Topics of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) are an integral component of post-graduate medical education. However, it is currently unclear the extent to which physical medicine and rehabilitation residency programs have incorporated a DEI curriculum into their training programs. Here, a novel, multi-institutional DEI journal club is described.

Subunit Reconstruction With Local and Regional Flaps of a Total Cervicofacial Defect From Necrotizing Fasciitis.

A 60-year-old woman with a ∼450 cm 2 right cervicofacial defect following successful treatment of necrotizing fasciitis was consulted for reconstruction. She had complete orbital, malar, buccal, labial, submental, and anterolateral neck skin and soft tissue defects and near complete defects of the forehead and nasal sidewall. She underwent reconstruction with a large 24 cm×11 cm supraclavicular, deltopectoral, forehead rotational, and labial advancement flaps with skin grafting of the orbit.

Providing Evidence for Dogma: Risk of Epistaxis After COVID-19 Nasal-Screening Swab.

Objective: There is anecdotal evidence SARS-CoV-2 (COVID) RT-PCR screening nasal swabs confer an elevated epistaxis risk. We aimed to assess the association between epistaxis and exposure to a COVID nasal swab.

Study Design: A matched pairs design was used.

Drug-induced olfactory and gustatory dysfunction: Analysis of FDA adverse events reporting system.

Objectives: With the COVID-19 pandemic, there is growing interest and research in olfactory and gustatory dysfunction (OGD). Drug-induced dysfunction is an often overlooked etiology. While several medications include smell or taste disturbance as a side effect, there are no publications describing which medications are most frequently implicated.

Biphasic JNK signaling reveals distinct MAP3K complexes licensing inflammasome formation and pyroptosis.

Kinase signaling in the tiered activation of inflammasomes and associated pyroptosis is a prime therapeutic target for inflammatory diseases. While MAPKs subsume pivotal roles during inflammasome priming, specifically the MAP3K7/JNK1/NLRP3 licensing axis, their involvement in successive steps of inflammasome activation is poorly defined. Using live-cell MAPK biosensors to focus on the inflammasome triggering event allowed us to identify a subsequent process of biphasic JNK activation.

Image-Guided Surgical Device Failures in Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: A MAUDE Analysis.

Objective: Image-guided surgery (IGS) devices have become widely used for anatomic localization during functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). However, there are no studies that analyze the post-market complications associated with IGS device use during FESS. The objective of this study was to better characterize post-market complications associated with the use of IGS devices during sinus surgery.

A Geospatial Analysis of the Rhinologist Workforce in the United States.

Background: Six percent of practicing otolaryngologists identified by the American Academy of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS) are rhinologists This is the first study to investigate both the distribution of rhinologists in the United States and the sociodemographic characteristics that may predict their practice locations.

Objective: We aim to describe the geospatial distribution of the rhinology workforce and analyze sociodemographic characteristics associated with practice distribution.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 662 rhinologists queried from the 2020 American Rhinologic Society (ARS) database.

Dupilumab Adverse Events in Nasal Polyp Treatment: Analysis of FDA Adverse Event Reporting System.

Objectives: Dupilumab was the first biologic approved to treat chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). While the risk of adverse events in phase-III clinical trials was low, dupilumab-associated adverse reactions (DAR) with real-world use is unknown and potentially under-reported. We aimed to evaluate DAR for CRSwNP treatment (CRSwNP-tx) using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).

Correction: Type I IFNs facilitate innate immune control of the opportunistic bacteria Burkholderia cenocepacia in the macrophage cytosol.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.

A genome-wide screen uncovers multiple roles for mitochondrial nucleoside diphosphate kinase D in inflammasome activation.

Noncanonical inflammasome activation by cytosolic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a critical component of the host response to Gram-negative bacteria. Cytosolic LPS recognition in macrophages is preceded by a Toll-like receptor (TLR) priming signal required to induce transcription of inflammasome components and facilitate the metabolic reprograming that fuels the inflammatory response. Using a genome-scale arrayed siRNA screen to find inflammasome regulators in mouse macrophages, we identified the mitochondrial enzyme nucleoside diphosphate kinase D (NDPK-D) as a regulator of both noncanonical and canonical inflammasomes.

Lipid regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome activity through organelle stress.

Inflammation driven by the NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages is an important contributor to chronic metabolic diseases that affect growing numbers of individuals. Many of these diseases involve the pathologic accumulation of endogenous lipids or their oxidation products, which can activate NLRP3. Other endogenous lipids, however, can inhibit the activation of NLRP3.

Trends in Endoscopic Sinonasal Debridement in the Medicare Population.

Introduction: Nasal/sinus endoscopy with biopsy/polypectomy/debridement, or Current Procedure Terminology code 31237, is one of the top 10 most frequent and highest billed otolaryngology procedures among Medicare patients. We analyzed temporal and geographic trends in endoscopic debridement, and correlated them with sinus surgery and balloon sinuplasty trends.

Methods: Medicare Part-B National Summary Data Files were analyzed from 2000 to 2016 for temporal trends of endoscopic debridement.

Head Over Wheels: Traumatic Head and Neck Injuries Secondary to Mountain Biking.

Objectives: The popularity of mountain biking (MTB) in the United States has risen in recent years. We sought to identify the prevalence and distribution of MTB associated head and neck injuries presenting to emergency departments across the U.S.

The efficacy of surgery for upper airway resistance syndrome: A systematic review, meta-analysis and case series.

Purpose: Upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS) is a sleep related breathing disorder that was first described in 1993. This goal of this study is to determine the efficacy of surgical intervention for UARS.

Materials And Methods: Systematic review of the literature and a case series of UARS patients at a large integrated healthcare system.

Type I IFNs facilitate innate immune control of the opportunistic bacteria Burkholderia cenocepacia in the macrophage cytosol.

The mammalian immune system is constantly challenged by signals from both pathogenic and non-pathogenic microbes. Many of these non-pathogenic microbes have pathogenic potential if the immune system is compromised. The importance of type I interferons (IFNs) in orchestrating innate immune responses to pathogenic microbes has become clear in recent years.

An Evaluation of the SCORE Program: A Novel Research and Mentoring Program for Medical Students in Obstetrics/Gynecology and Otolaryngology.

Background: There has been a steady decrease in the number of physician-scientists and a lack of diversity and inclusion of underrepresented minorities (URMs) in medicine.

Objective: To assess the research productivity, interest, and experience of medical students, including URMs, and resident and faculty mentors of the Kaiser Permanente Oakland Medical Center's 8-week, intensive, mentored Summer Clinical Otolaryngology and Obstetrics/Gynecology Research (SCORE) Program for second-year medical students.

Methods: A database of SCORE Program research projects was generated from 2016, when the program was launched, through 2018.