Spontaneous Reattachment of a Detached Sutured Descemet-Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty Graft.

Introduction: This is a case report of a spontaneous reattachment of Descemet-stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK). This graft was primarily sutured, and 20% sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) was injected into the anterior chamber, followed by graft detachment and spontaneous reattachment, 3 months later.

Case Presentation: A 78-year-old male presented with DSAEK graft detachment, which was the patient's second DSAEK (the first also did not adhere).

Diversity's Pandemic Distractions.

Pandemic diseases have a nasty history of racialization. COVID-19 is no exception. Beyond the obvious racist invocations of the "China virus" or the "Wuhan Flu" are subtler racializing dynamics that are often veiled in more benign motives but are nonetheless deeply problematic.

SMRT Regulates Metabolic Homeostasis and Adipose Tissue Macrophage Phenotypes in Tandem.

The Silencing Mediator of Retinoid and Thyroid Hormone Receptors (SMRT) is a nuclear corepressor, regulating the transcriptional activity of many transcription factors critical for metabolic processes. While the importance of the role of SMRT in the adipocyte has been well-established, our comprehensive understanding of its in vivo function in the context of homeostatic maintenance is limited due to contradictory phenotypes yielded by prior generalized knockout mouse models. Multiple such models agree that SMRT deficiency leads to increased adiposity, although the effects of SMRT loss on glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity have been variable.

Quantification of the Cost and Potential Environmental Effects of Unused Pharmaceutical Products in Cataract Surgery.

Importance: Pharmaceutical products, including unused portions, may contribute to financial and environmental costs in the United States. Because cataract surgery is performed millions of times each year in the United States and throughout the rest of the world, understanding these financial and environmental costs associated with cataract surgery is warranted.

Objective: To investigate the financial and environmental costs of unused pharmaceutical products after phacoemulsification surgery.

Microarray Analysis of Gene Expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae kap108Δ Mutants upon Addition of Oxidative Stress.

Protein transport between the nucleus and cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells is tightly regulated, providing a mechanism for controlling intracellular localization of proteins, and regulating gene expression. In this study, we have investigated the importance of nucleocytoplasmic transport mediated by the karyopherin Kap108 in regulating cellular responses to oxidative stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae We carried out microarray analyses on wild-type and kap108 mutant cells grown under normal conditions, shortly after introduction of oxidative stress, after 1 hr of oxidative stress, and 1 hr after oxidative stress was removed. We observe more than 500 genes that undergo a 40% or greater change in differential expression between wild-type and kap108Δ cells under at least one of these conditions.

Infarcted Tarsal Pyogenic Granuloma Simulating Malignant Melanoma.

The authors describe a rapidly enlarging, pedunculated brown tarsal lesion in a 34-year-old man with a history of chalazia. Following excision, histopathologic analysis showed the features of a necrotic pyogenic granuloma. This unique case expands the differential diagnosis of conjunctival malignant melanoma.

Silencing Mediator of Retinoid and Thyroid Hormone Receptors (SMRT) regulates glucocorticoid action in adipocytes.

Local modulation of glucocorticoid action in adipocytes regulates adiposity and systemic insulin sensitivity. However, the specific cofactors that mediate glucocorticoid receptor (GR) action in adipocytes remain unclear. Here we show that the silencing mediator of retinoid and thyroid hormone receptors (SMRT) is recruited to GR in adipocytes and regulates ligand-dependent GR function.

Topography-guided hyperopic LASIK with and without high irradiance collagen cross-linking: initial comparative clinical findings in a contralateral eye study of 34 consecutive patients.

Purpose: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of intrastromally applied collagen cross-linking (CXL) in a comparative contralateral eye study of topography-guided femtosecond laser-assisted hyperopic LASIK.

Methods: Thirty-four consecutive patients with hyperopia and hyperopic astigmatism elected to have bilateral topography-guided LASIK and were randomized to receive a single drop of 0.1% sodium phosphate riboflavin solution under the flap followed by 3-minute exposure of 10 mW/cm2 ultraviolet A (UVA) light with the flap realigned in one eye (CXL group) and no intrastromal CXL in the contralateral eye (no CXL group).

The troubling persistence of race in pharmacogenomics.

This article is concerned about what may be happening to race and medicine in the "meantime" between today's clinical realities and the promised land of pharmacogenomics where the need for using race in medicine is supposed to fade away. It argues that previous debates over the use of race in medicine are being side-stepped as race is being reconfigured from a "crude surrogate" for genetic variation into a purportedly viable placeholder for variable drug response--to be used here and now until the specific genetic underpinnings of drug response are more fully understood. Embracing the trope of "promise" in pharmacogenomics alongside the idea of using race as a useful interim proxy for genetic variation raises concerns that new diagnostic and therapeutic interventions may reflect or be mapped upon existing social categories of race, class, gender, and ethnicity in a harmful or dangerous manner.

The two (institutional) cultures: a consideration of structural barriers to interdisciplinarity.

C. P. Snow's famous Two Cultures essay has become a foil for decades of discussions over the relation between science and the humanities.

Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography as a screening technique for chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine retinal toxicity.

Background And Objective: To determine the effectiveness of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) as a screening tool for the evaluation of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine retinal toxicity.

Patients And Methods: This is a prospective, case-control study. Subject eyes were divided into four groups (group I = eyes with bull's eye maculopathy, group II = eyes with early changes of toxicity, group III = eyes with exposure but no signs of toxicity, and group IV = eyes of age-matched controls).

Orbital dissemination of Lemierre syndrome from gram-positive septic emboli.

A 45-year-old patient presented with bilateral orbital abscesses. He was found to have Lemierre syndrome, a condition involving septic thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein. The patient developed severe proptosis, sepsis, and cavernous sinus thrombosis.

Race and ancestry in biomedical research: exploring the challenges.

The use of race in biomedical research has, for decades, been a source of social controversy. However, recent events, such as the adoption of racially targeted pharmaceuticals, have raised the profile of the race issue. In addition, we are entering an era in which genomic research is increasingly focused on the nature and extent of human genetic variation, often examined by population, which leads to heightened potential for misunderstandings or misuse of terms concerning genetic variation and race.

Exploiting race in drug development: BiDil's interim model of pharmacogenomics.

This paper explores events surrounding the US Food and Drug Administration's formal approval of the heart failure drug BiDil in 2005. BiDil is the first drug ever to be approved with a race-specific indication, in this case to treat heart failure in 'self-identified black patients'. BiDil has been cast by many as a step toward the promised land of individualized pharmacogenomic therapies.

Antibiotic clearance of Ehrlichia canis from dogs infected by intravenous inoculation of carrier blood.

Ehrlichia canis is the etiologic agent of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME) and is a useful model for zoonotic tick-borne pathogens, many of which infect dogs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate rifampin and doxycycline regimens for clearance of E. canis infections in addition to alleviation of CME.

Flaws in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's rationale for supporting the development and approval of BiDil as a treatment for heart failure only in black patients.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) rationale for supporting the development and approval of BiDil (a combination of hydralazine hydrochloride and isosorbide dinitrate; H-I) for heart failure specifically in black patients was based on under-powered, post hoc subgroup analyses of two relatively old trials (V-HeFT I and II), which were further complicated by substantial covariate imbalances between racial groups.