Differences in the relationship of weight to height, and thus the meaning of BMI, according to age, sex, and birth year cohort.

Weight can be adjusted for height using the Benn parameter (kg/m), where B is the power that minimises the correlation with height. To investigate how the Benn parameter changes across age (10-65 years) and time (1956-2015) and differs between sexes. The sample comprised 49,717 individuals born in 1946, 1958, 1970 or 2001.

Fortified complementary foods with or without alpha-amylase treatment increase hemoglobin but do not reduce breast milk intake of 9-mo-old Zambian infants.

Background: Malnutrition in late infancy in developing countries may result from poor-quality complementary foods that displace breast milk.

Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the effects of fortified complementary blends of different energy densities on growth, hemoglobin concentrations, and breast milk intake of 9-mo-old Zambian infants.

Design: Infants were randomly assigned at 6 mo of age to receive for 3 mo a fortified blend of maize, beans, bambaranuts, and groundnuts [Chilenje Baby Mix (CBM); energy density: 68 kcal/100 g; n = 37] or a similar blend with alpha-amylase (CBMA; energy density: 106 kcal/100 g; n = 44).