Systematic Review of Nonoperative Functional Protocols for Acute Achilles Ruptures Utilizing a Formal Rehabilitation Protocol Showing Lowest Rerupture Rates.

Aim: To lay out a comprehensive protocol for practitioners and physical therapists that has the lowest rerupture rates for nonoperative treatment of acute Achilles ruptures.

Method: Relevant articles were searched in PubMed, CINAHL Plus, and Cochrane Library using keyword combinations: nonoperative AND/OR Achilles rupture AND functional AND/OR protocol or functional AND/OR rehabilitation. To be included in the full analysis, the studies had to have detailed functional protocols with physical therapy program details and outcome scores of rupture rates and/or Achilles Tendon Rupture Score (ATRS).

The Role of the Accessory Malleolar Ossicles and Malleolar Avulsion Fractures in Lateral Ankle Ligament Reconstruction.

Unlabelled: While it is well known that ankle sprains are one of the most common injuries in the United States, predictive factors regarding failure of conservative treatment are not well known. There are many biomechanical and epidemiological factors that play a role in recurrence and failure of conservative treatment, but most cases are able to be treated with immobilization and/or rest, ice, elevation, physical therapy, and bracing. We propose that one important risk factor is often overlooked simply due to the fact that a vast majority of these cases resolve without the need for surgery.