Publications by authors named "Jonathan J Byrne"

Article Synopsis
  • * Blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) are used as sentinel species to assess the effects of pollutants due to their filter-feeding and stationary nature.
  • * A computational model was created to analyze the relationship between the mussel's metabolic state, seasonal changes in metabolites, and environmental factors like water temperature and gonadal development.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Physiological responses to temperature are known to be a major determinant of species distributions and can dictate the sensitivity of populations to global warming. In contrast, little is known about how other major global change drivers, such as ocean acidification (OA), will shape species distributions in the future. Here, by integrating population genetics with experimental data for growth and mineralization, physiology and metabolomics, we demonstrate that the sensitivity of populations of the gastropod Littorina littorea to future OA is shaped by regional adaptation.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Human activities are fundamentally altering the chemistry of the world's oceans. Ocean acidification (OA) is occurring against a background of warming and an increasing occurrence of disease outbreaks, posing a significant threat to marine organisms, communities, and ecosystems. In the current study, (1)H NMR spectroscopy was used to investigate the response of the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis, to a 90-day exposure to reduced seawater pH and increased temperature, followed by a subsequent pathogenic challenge.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Objective: Inflammatory arthritis is associated with systemic manifestations including alterations in metabolism. We used nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy-based metabolomics to assess metabolic fingerprints in serum from patients with established rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and those with early arthritis.

Methods: Serum samples were collected from newly presenting patients with established RA who were naive for disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, matched healthy controls, and 2 groups of patients with synovitis of ≤3 months' duration whose outcomes were determined at clinical followup.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

In a search for biomarkers of health in whale sharks and as exploration of metabolomics as a modern tool for understanding animal physiology, the metabolite composition of serum in six whale sharks (Rhincodon typus) from an aquarium collection was explored using (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and direct analysis in real time (DART) mass spectrometry (MS). Principal components analysis (PCA) of spectral data showed that individual animals could be resolved based on the metabolite composition of their serum and that two unhealthy individuals could be discriminated from the remaining healthy animals. The major difference between healthy and unhealthy individuals was the concentration of homarine, here reported for the first time in an elasmobranch, which was present at substantially lower concentrations in unhealthy whale sharks, suggesting that this metabolite may be a useful biomarker of health status in this species.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The citric acid cycle (CAC) metabolite fumarate has been proposed to be cardioprotective; however, its mechanisms of action remain to be determined. To augment cardiac fumarate levels and to assess fumarate's cardioprotective properties, we generated fumarate hydratase (Fh1) cardiac knockout (KO) mice. These fumarate-replete hearts were robustly protected from ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/R).

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The (1)H chemical shifts of a series of sulfoxide and sulfone compounds in CDCl(3) solvent were obtained from experiment and the literature. These included dialkyl sulfoxides and sulfones (R(2)SO/R(2)SO(2), R = Me, Et, Pr, n-Bu), the cyclic compounds tetramethylene sulfoxide/sulfone, pentamethylene sulfoxide/sulfone and the aromatic compounds p-tolylmethylsulfoxide, dibenzothiopheneoxide/dioxide, E-9-phenanthrylmethylsulfoxide and (E) (Z)-1-methylsulfinyl-2-methylnaphthalene. The spectra of the pentamethylene SO and SO(2) compounds were obtained at -70 degrees C to obtain the spectra from the separate conformers (SO) and from the noninverting ring (SO(2)).

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The 1H chemical shifts of 124 compounds containing a variety of functional groups have been recorded in CDCl3 and DMSO-d6 (henceforth DMSO) solvents. The 1H solvent shift Delta delta = delta(DMSO) - delta(CDCl3) varies from -0.3 to +4.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The (1)H NMR spectra of a number of alcohols, diols and inositols are reported and assigned in CDCl(3), D(2)O and DMSO-d(6) (henceforth DMSO) solutions. These data were used to investigate the effects of the OH group on the (1)H chemical shifts in these molecules and also the effect of changing the solvent. Inspection of the (1)H chemical shifts of those alcohols which were soluble in both CDCl(3) and D(2)O shows that there is no difference in the chemical shifts in the two solvents, provided that the molecules exist in the same conformation in the two solvents.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: fopen(/var/lib/php/sessions/ci_sessionl4utdf96ia52tekfmvsf8mg5u91jofjd): Failed to open stream: No space left on device

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 177

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: session_start(): Failed to read session data: user (path: /var/lib/php/sessions)

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 137

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once