The incidence of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), currently ~800,000 cases per year worldwide, is rising. Radiotherapy remains a mainstay for the treatment of HNSCC, although inherent radioresistance, particularly in human papillomavirus (HPV)-negative disease subtypes, remains a significant barrier to effective treatment. Therefore, combinatorial strategies using drugs or inhibitors against specific cellular targets are necessary to enhance HNSCC radiosensitivity to lead to an improvement in patient outcomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAn 11-year-old miniature pinscher presented for acute onset, seizure-like or syncopal episodes. Computed tomography of the head revealed a hyperattenuating, nonenhancing right lateral ventricular mass. Magnetic resonance imaging identified a right lateral ventricular hemorrhagic mass associated with the choroid plexus and disseminated intraventricular and subarachnoid space hemorrhage.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Anterior shoulder instability is a common pathology seen especially in young men and highly active patient populations. Subluxation is a commonly encountered clinical issue, yet little is known about the effects of first-time subluxation compared with dislocation on shoulder stability and clinical outcomes after surgical stabilization.
Purpose: To compare revision and redislocation rates as well as patient-reported outcomes (PROs) between subluxators and dislocators after a first-time anterior shoulder instability event.
To make investigational drug candidates available to patients sooner, timelines for drug development are becoming shorter. Synthesis route scouting for active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) and drug product development often must occur simultaneously, requiring formulators to make decisions regarding drug product process selection before commercial API route finalization. Alternatively, the formulation strategy may be locked, thereby constraining drug substance processes with strict API attribute requirements.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe discuss the outcomes of our 16th horizon scan of issues that are novel or represent a considerable step-change and have the potential to substantially affect conservation of biological diversity in the coming decade. From an initial 96 topics, our international panel of 32 scientists and practitioners prioritised 15 issues. Technological advances are prominent, including metal and non-metal organic frameworks, deriving rare earth elements from macroalgae, synthetic gene drives in plants, and low-emission cement.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCadaveric and computer simulations suggest lateral humeral offset (LHO) and humeral retroversion (HR) are associated with strength and range of motion (ROM) after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA), butin vivodata is lacking. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of implant parameters (i.e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Am Acad Orthop Surg
September 2024
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries continue to increase in incidence despite extensive research into prevention strategies. Many extrinsic and intrinsic risk factors for sustaining ACL injuries have been identified and continue to be investigated. Extrinsic risk factors for ACL injury relate to the athlete's environment, such as the shoe-surface interaction, weather conditions, and sport played.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: This study aimed to identify surgical parameters during reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) that predict post-surgical kinematics during the hand-to-head motion (H2H) and to identify associations between kinematics and outcomes. We hypothesized that greater humeral retroversion and lateralization predict kinematics, and that more scapular upward rotation is associated with better PROs and more range of motion (ROM).
Methods: Thirty-five post-RSA patients consented to participate.
Objectives: To investigate the incidence and risk factors associated with loss of motion after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic (COVID-19).
Methods: A retrospective review of patients undergoing primary ACLR between March 2017 and November 2022 by a senior high-volume orthopaedic surgeon was performed. Exclusion criteria included revision ACLR, multiligamentous knee surgery, and age <14 years.
Background: Smaller intercondylar notch sizes have been consistently associated with a predisposition for primary anterior cruciate ligament tears.
Purpose: To evaluate the association between intercondylar notch size, graft size, and postoperative complications, including knee stiffness and return to the operating room, after primary anatomic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR).
Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.
Background: Despite increasing use of quadriceps tendon (QT) autograft in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR), limited data exist regarding its outcomes in high-risk adolescent athletes.
Purpose: To (1) report the outcomes after QT ACLR in adolescent athletes and (2) identify patient-related and surgery-related factors that may influence failure rates after QT ACLR.
Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4.
Background: Recently, we developed the machine learning (ML)-based Progressive CKD Risk Classifier (PCRC), which accurately predicts CKD progression within 5 years. While its performance is robust, it is unknown whether PCRC categorization is associated with CKD-mineral bone disorder (CKD-MBD), a critical, yet under-recognized, downstream consequence. Therefore, we aimed to 1) survey real-world testing utilization data for CKD-MBD and 2) evaluate ML-based PCRC categorization with CKD-MBD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF➤ Posterior tibial slope (PTS) of ≥12° represents an important risk factor for both anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and ACL reconstruction failure.➤ PTS measurements can significantly differ on the basis of the imaging modality and the measurement technique used. PTS should be measured on strictly lateral radiographs, with a recommended proximal tibial length of 15 cm in the image.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVasc Endovascular Surg
October 2024
The current state of the literature for a bullet embolization to the heart and/or pulmonary vasculature indicates the occurrence is rare but could increase due to the rise in civilian low-kinetic-energy firearm acquisition and use. We present the case of an older teenage male who sustained a gunshot wound to the left flank. The bullet entered the iliac vein, travelled through the heart and lodged in the pulmonary artery.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis study aimed to compare the agreement between three-dimensional motion capture and vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) in identifying the point of dumbbell (DB) release during a countermovement jump with accentuated eccentric loading (CMJ), and to examine the influence of the vGRF analysis method on the reliability and magnitude of CMJ variables. Twenty participants (10 male, 10 female) completed five maximal effort CMJ at 20% and 30% of body mass (CMJ and CMJ, respectively) using DBs. There was large variability between methods in both loading conditions, as indicated by the wide limits of agreement (CMJ = -0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect
March 2024
The impact of a pharmacist has been evaluated within the primary care setting but not within a resident-managed internal medicine clinic. This retrospective study found that the integration of a clinical pharmacist within a resident clinic improved the mean HbA1c of a high-risk patient group by 3% in 3 months and 2.6% in 6 months.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground and objective Patients over the age of 75 years make up 20% of the head and neck cancer population, which is a relatively under-represented patient cohort in clinical literature. To our knowledge, there are no studies evaluating the outcomes of laryngectomy in patients aged over 75 years, which prompted us to present this unique series. Methods We reviewed departmental records at the University College Hospital, London over a 10-year period, and identified a total of 18 patients over the age of 75 years who underwent total laryngectomy for squamous cell carcinoma.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The information relating to the outcome specifically for juvenile dogs with meningoencephalitis of unknown etiology (MUE) is lacking.
Objectives: To describe the clinical presentation, diagnostic findings, treatment, and outcome in a cohort of dogs with MUE <52 weeks old.
Animals: Thirty-four client-owned dogs.
Objectives: This study aimed to compare short-term outcomes following Total Shoulder Arthroplasty (TSA) and Humeral Head Resurfacing (HHR) in patients with glenohumeral osteoarthritis (GHOA).
Methods: A retrospective analysis included patients who had undergone either TSA or HHR for GHOA at a single institution. Baseline demographics, complications, range of motion (active forward flexion, FF and active external rotation, ER), visual analog scores (VAS), and Subjective Shoulder Values (SSV) were collected.
Hypoxia poses a significant challenge to the effectiveness of radiotherapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients, and it is imperative to discover novel approaches to overcome this. In this study, we investigated the underlying mechanisms contributing to x-ray radioresistance in HPV-negative HNSCC cells under mild hypoxic conditions (1% oxygen) and explored the potential for autophagy modulation as a promising therapeutic strategy. Our findings show that HNSCC cells exposed to mild hypoxic conditions exhibit increased radioresistance, which is largely mediated by the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIonising radiation (IR) is widely used in cancer treatment, including for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), where it induces significant DNA damage leading ultimately to tumour cell death. Among these lesions, DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) are the most threatening lesion to cell survival. The two main repair mechanisms that detect and repair DSBs are non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR).
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