FcRn is a CD32a coreceptor that determines susceptibility to IgG immune complex-driven autoimmunity.

IgG immune complexes (ICs) promote autoimmunity through binding fragment crystallizable (Fc) γ-receptors (FcγRs). Of these, the highly prevalent FcγRIIa (CD32a) histidine (H)-131 variant (CD32aH) is strongly linked to human autoimmune diseases through unclear mechanisms. We show that, relative to the CD32a arginine (R)-131 (CD32aR) variant, CD32aH more avidly bound human (h) IgG1 IC and formed a ternary complex with the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) under acidic conditions.

FcRn augments induction of tissue factor activity by IgG-containing immune complexes.

Thromboembolism complicates disorders caused by immunoglobulin G (IgG)-containing immune complexes (ICs), but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Prior evidence indicates that induction of tissue factor (TF) on monocytes, a pivotal step in the initiation, localization, and propagation of coagulation by ICs, is mediated through Fcγ receptor IIa (FcγRIIa); however, the involvement of other receptors has not been investigated in detail. The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) that mediates IgG and albumin recycling also participates in cellular responses to IgG-containing ICs.

The Neonatal Fc Receptor (FcRn): A Misnomer?

Antibodies are essential components of an adaptive immune response. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is the most common type of antibody found in circulation and extracellular fluids. Although IgG alone can directly protect the body from infection through the activities of its antigen binding region, the majority of IgG immune functions are mediated via proteins and receptors expressed by specialized cell subsets that bind to the fragment crystallizable (Fc) region of IgG.

Hepatic FcRn regulates albumin homeostasis and susceptibility to liver injury.

The neonatal crystallizable fragment receptor (FcRn) is responsible for maintaining the long half-life and high levels of the two most abundant circulating proteins, albumin and IgG. In the latter case, the protective mechanism derives from FcRn binding to IgG in the weakly acidic environment contained within endosomes of hematopoietic and parenchymal cells, whereupon IgG is diverted from degradation in lysosomes and is recycled. The cellular location and mechanism by which FcRn protects albumin are partially understood.

Adrenal lymphangioma presenting as a non-functional adrenal cyst.

Lymphangiomas are neoplastic lesions derived from lymphatic endothelium. They are largely encountered in the head and neck region. We describe a case of an adrenal lymphangioma, an extremely uncommon cystic lesion of the adrenal and discuss the differential diagnosis, clinical, imaging, histopathologic and immunophenotypic features of this lesion.

High interferon-stimulated gene ISG-15 expression affects HCV treatment outcome in patients co-infected with HIV and HCV.

Increased baseline expression and lack of induction of interferon-stimulated genes (ISG) are strong negative predictors of therapeutic response to PegIFN/RBV in patients co-infected with HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV). This study specifically addressed whether ISG-15 expression influences therapeutic responses in 20 HIV/HCV genotype-1 subjects undergoing HCV treatment. Non-responders had significantly higher baseline expression and selective induction of ISG-15 after IFN-α treatment relative to participants with sustained virological response.

Host gene expression changes correlating with anti-HIV-1 effects in human subjects after treatment with peginterferon Alfa-2a.

We investigated whether interferon-inducible genes (IFIGs) with known anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) activity in vitro were associated with in vivo virological response in HIV infection. Nine untreated HIV-1-infected volunteers were treated for 12 weeks with peginterferon alfa-2a. A subset of IFIGs (23 of 47) increased compared with baseline through 6 weeks beyond therapy, and 10 of the 23 IFIGs significantly inversely correlated (r = -0.

Complications and outcomes of brown recluse spider bites in children.

Brown recluse spider bites may cause severe local and systemic morbidity, but data regarding morbidity in children are limited. This study reviewed inpatient medical records (n = 26; 10 years) with a discharge diagnosis of "spider bite" from a tertiary pediatric hospital. The majority (85%) of children had an inflammatory response accompanying necrosis, usually with signs of secondary cellulitis (77%).

The fate and function of therapeutic antiaddiction monoclonal antibodies across the reproductive cycle of rats.

During preclinical development of neuroprotective antiaddiction therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against phencyclidine (PCP) and (+)-methamphetamine, we discovered novel, gestation stage-specific changes in mAb disposition spanning the entire reproductive cycle of female rats. Each pharmacological change was independent of mAb dose and antigen target but was precisely coincident with transitions between the gestational trimesters, parturition, and lactation periods of the female reproductive cycle. Whereas anti-PCP mAb6B5 terminal elimination half-life (t(1/2λz)) in nonpregnant females was 6.