Human TRMT1 and TRMT1L paralogs ensure the proper modification state, stability, and function of tRNAs.

The tRNA methyltransferase 1 (TRMT1) enzyme catalyzes the N2,N2-dimethylguanosine (m2,2G) modification in tRNAs. Intriguingly, vertebrates encode an additional tRNA methyltransferase 1-like (TRMT1L) paralog. Here, we use a comprehensive tRNA sequencing approach to decipher targets of human TRMT1 and TRMT1L.

Discovering the barriers to scaling a co-design approach for the provision of custom assistive technology within healthcare services.

Using computer-aided design and 3D printing within a co-design process to produce assistive technology (AT) has a positive impact in delivering customised solutions to end-users' needs. However, to date its adoption within healthcare services has been limited. This work aims to gather clinicians' insights to identify and analyse barriers inherent in the AT design, manufacturing, and provision processes and inform a detailed understanding of the current AT eco-system.

Impact of cross-reactivity and herd immunity on SARS-CoV-2 pandemic severity.

Public health systems reported low mortality from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in East Asia, in low-income countries, and for children during the first year of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. These reports led commentators to suggest that cross-reactive immunity from prior exposure to other pathogens reduced fatality risk. Resolution of initial infection waves also contributed to speculation that herd immunity prevented further waves prior to vaccination.

Women and men with distressing low sexual desire exhibit sexually dimorphic brain processing.

Distressing low sexual desire, termed Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (HSDD), affects approximately 10% of women and 8% of men. In women, the 'top-down' theory of HSDD describes hyperactivity in higher-level cognitive brain regions, suppressing lower-level emotional/sexual brain areas. However, it is unknown how this neurofunctional disturbance compares to HSDD in men.

The extended impact of co-designed personalised aids for people living with chronic conditions: an exploratory study in a healthcare setting.

Assistive technology has great potential to help individuals living with chronic health conditions, however devices often fail to align with the unique requirements of users. These results in device abandonment and missed opportunities to benefit people. This exploratory study aims to evaluate the short and longer-term satisfaction, psychological benefit, use and resources involved in co-designed customised assistive devices within a current healthcare service.

Short-term evidence of partner-induced performance biases in simultaneous and alternating dyad practice in golf.

Actions in social settings are often adapted based on co-actors. This adaptation can occur because one actor "co-represents" the actions and plans of another. Co-representation can result in motor contagion errors, whereby another's actions unintentionally interfere with (negatively impact) the actor.

Can a previously co-designed device be used by others? A service evaluation of the use of the Sativex spray holder for individuals with multiple sclerosis.

Purpose: Co-design has previously been used to design custom assistive devices, involving the end user in the process to ensure the device meets their needs. From devices previously created, designs could be re-used and modified to meet variations in the needs of other individuals with similar clinical needs. This service evaluation explored the re-usability of a holder for helping administer the spray medication Sativex, for individuals with multiple sclerosis.

Effects of Kisspeptin on Sexual Brain Processing and Penile Tumescence in Men With Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: The human physiological sexual response is crucial for reward, satisfaction, and reproduction. Disruption of the associated neurophysiological pathways predisposes to low sexual desire; the most prevalent psychological form is hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD), which affects 8% of men but currently has no effective pharmacological treatment options. The reproductive neuropeptide kisspeptin offers a putative therapeutic target, owing to emerging understanding of its role in reproductive behavior.

ROP39 is an Irgb10-specific parasite effector that modulates acute Toxoplasma gondii virulence.

Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a zoonotic apicomplexan parasite that is an important cause of clinical disability in humans. On a global scale, one third of the human population is infected with T.

Disability outcomes in early-stage African American and White people with multiple sclerosis.

Background: Factors driving differences in disease burden between African American and White people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) remain unclear. Here, we explored whether differences in disability outcomes could be observed after controlling for major sociodemographic factors and comorbidities, and assessed the presence of a possible interaction between MS and race.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 120 pwMS within 6 years from disease onset and 82 healthy controls between 18 and 70 years of age, self-identified as either African American or White, were prospectively enrolled.

Assessing the use of co-design to produce bespoke assistive technology solutions within a current healthcare service: a service evaluation.

Purpose: Co-design involves engaging with the end-user in the design process and may help reduce the barriers to assistive technology use. Previous research has used co-design in the provision of assistive technology, but no research has looked at applying it within a healthcare setting. This service evaluation examines the use of co-design in providing customized assistive devices within a current UK healthcare based Rehabilitation Engineering department.

Distinct Stress-Dependent Signatures of Cellular and Extracellular tRNA-Derived Small RNAs.

The cellular response to stress is an important determinant of disease pathogenesis. Uncovering the molecular fingerprints of distinct stress responses may identify novel biomarkers and key signaling pathways for different diseases. Emerging evidence shows that transfer RNA-derived small RNAs (tDRs) play pivotal roles in stress responses.

Longitudinal changes in movement-related functional MRI activity in Parkinson's disease patients.

Introduction: Functional brain imaging has shown alterations in the basal ganglia, cortex and cerebellum in Parkinson's disease patients. However, few functional imaging studies have tested how these changes evolve over time. Our study aimed to test the longitudinal progression of movement-related functional activity in Parkinson's disease patients.

Irgm2 and Gate-16 cooperatively dampen Gram-negative bacteria-induced caspase-11 response.

Inflammatory caspase-11 (rodent) and caspases-4/5 (humans) detect the Gram-negative bacterial component LPS within the host cell cytosol, promoting activation of the non-canonical inflammasome. Although non-canonical inflammasome-induced pyroptosis and IL-1-related cytokine release are crucial to mount an efficient immune response against various bacteria, their unrestrained activation drives sepsis. This suggests that cellular components tightly control the threshold level of the non-canonical inflammasome in order to ensure efficient but non-deleterious inflammatory responses.

A Prospective Study of Neurologic Disorders in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 in New York City.

Objective: To determine the prevalence and associated mortality of well-defined neurologic diagnoses among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), we prospectively followed hospitalized severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-positive patients and recorded new neurologic disorders and hospital outcomes.

Methods: We conducted a prospective, multicenter, observational study of consecutive hospitalized adults in the New York City metropolitan area with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. The prevalence of new neurologic disorders (as diagnosed by a neurologist) was recorded and in-hospital mortality and discharge disposition were compared between patients with COVID-19 with and without neurologic disorders.

Delayed SARS-COV-2 leukoencephalopathy without Severe Hypoxia.

• A patient developed encephalopathy two months after a mild case of COVID-19. • MRI Brain demonstrated extensive white matter lesions juxtacortically and subcortically. • Workup for infectious, paraneoplastic, toxic process was negative.

Mirabegron Versus Solifenacin in Multiple Sclerosis Patients With Overactive Bladder Symptoms: A Prospective Comparative Nonrandomized Study.

Objective: To determine the patient-perceived effectiveness and tolerability of mirabegron compared to solifenacin in a multiple sclerosis (MS) population with overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms.

Materials And Methods: MS patients with OAB symptoms who were not on medication for their urinary symptoms at enrollment were prospectively recruited. Patients enrolled in years 1-2 were prescribed mirabegron, whereas patients enrolled in years 3-4 were prescribed solifenacin.

Exploring the barriers to using assistive technology for individuals with chronic conditions: a meta-synthesis review.

Purpose: Assistive technology can provide a key tool to enabling independence, greater inclusion and participation in society for individuals with chronic conditions. This potential is currently not always realized due to barriers to accessing and using assistive technology. This review aims to identify the common barriers to acquiring and using assistive technology for users with chronic conditions through a systematic meta-synthesis.

COVID-19 outcomes in MS: Observational study of early experience from NYU Multiple Sclerosis Comprehensive Care Center.

Objective: To report outcomes on patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and related disorders with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) illness.

Methods: From March 16 to April 30, 2020, patients with MS or related disorders at NYU Langone MS Comprehensive Care Center were identified with laboratory-confirmed or suspected COVID-19. The diagnosis was established using a standardized questionnaire or by review of in-patient hospital records.

Evaluating additive manufacturing for the production of custom head supports: A comparison against a commercial head support under static loading conditions.

The provision of wheelchair seating accessories, such as head supports, is often limited to the use of commercial products. Additive manufacturing has the potential to produce custom seating components, but there are very few examples of published work. This article reports a method of utilising 3D scanning, computer-aided design and additive manufacturing for the fabrication of a custom head support for a wheelchair.

Predicting transfer RNA gene activity from sequence and genome context.

Transfer RNA (tRNA) genes are among the most highly transcribed genes in the genome owing to their central role in protein synthesis. However, there is evidence for a broad range of gene expression across tRNA loci. This complexity, combined with difficulty in measuring transcript abundance and high sequence identity across transcripts, has severely limited our collective understanding of tRNA gene expression regulation and evolution.

Nocturia in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis.

The prevalence of nocturia in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) is high, ranging from 20.9% to 48.8% in this population.

Methods for the Measurement of Early Events in Toxoplasma gondii Immunity in Mouse Cells.

Critical steps in resistance of mice against Toxoplasma gondii occur in the first 2 or 3 h after the pathogen has entered a cell that has been exposed to interferon γ (IFNγ). The newly formed parasitophorous vacuole is attacked by the IFNγ-inducible IRG proteins and disrupted, resulting in death of the parasite and necrotic death of the cell. Here we describe some techniques that we have used to describe and quantify these events in different combinations of the host and the parasite.

Chronic Dengue Virus Panencephalitis in a Patient with Progressive Dementia with Extrapyramidal Features.

Objective: To determine the underlying etiology in a patient with progressive dementia with extrapyramidal signs and chronic inflammation referred to the National Institutes of Health Undiagnosed Diseases Program.

Methods: Extensive investigations included metabolic profile, autoantibody panel, infectious etiologies, genetic screening, whole exome sequencing, and the phage-display assay, VirScan, for viral immune responses. An etiological diagnosis was established postmortem.

Author Correction: Molecular mechanism for the control of virulent Toxoplasma gondii infections in wild-derived mice.

The original version of this Article contained an error in the Acknowledgements, which incorrectly omitted the following: 'C.C., C.