A century of research established that GABA inhibits proprioceptive inputs presynaptically to sculpt spinal neural inputs into skilled motor output. Recent results in mice challenged this theory by showing that GABA can also facilitate action potential conduction in proprioceptive afferents. Here, we tackle this controversy in monkeys, the most human-relevant animal model, and show that GABA receptors (GABARs) indeed facilitate sensory inputs to spinal motoneurons and interneurons and that this mechanism also influences sensory transmission to supraspinal centers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTargeted electrical stimulation to specific thalamic regions offers a therapeutic approach for patients with refractory focal and generalized epilepsy who are not candidates for resective surgery. However, clinical outcome varies significantly, in particular for focal epilepsy, influenced by several factors, notably the precise anatomical and functional alignment between cortical regions generating epileptic discharges and the targeted thalamic stimulation sites. Here we hypothesized that targeting thalamic nuclei with precise anatomical and functional connections to epileptic cortical areas (an approach that we refer to as hodological matching) could enhance neuromodulatory effects on focal epileptic discharges.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Panniculitis in patients with dermatomyositis (PDMS) is rare.
Objectives: Assess the clinicopathologic features described for PDMS.
Methods: A systematic review of the PubMed/MEDLINE database was performed.
Background: Physiologic volar melanotic macules (P-VMM) are understudied. Trauma has been suggested as a predisposing factor. Little has been published over the last several decades.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Psoriasis Psoriatic Arthritis
October 2023
Background: Follicular psoriasis (FP) is a rare and under-recognized subtype of psoriasis that affects hair follicles and can be frequently misdiagnosed due to its unique presentation.
Objective: We aimed to analyze the frequently reported clinical, histological, and dermatoscopic features of FP, as well as their treatment options.
Methods: We conducted a systematic review of the PubMed/MEDLINE database using the search terms "follicular" and "psoriasis.
A diagnosis of dermatomyositis requires recognition of distinct patterns of skin disease in combination with, and sometimes without, muscle weakness. Often, a striking contrast between involved and uninvolved areas is observed. Familiar patterns include eyelid and midfacial eruptions, Gottron papules/sign, and upper back (shawl sign), central chest (V/open collar sign), and lateral thigh (holster sign) involvement.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: High-precision neurosurgical targeting in nonhuman primates (NHPs) often requires presurgical anatomical mapping with noninvasive neuroimaging techniques (MRI, CT, PET), allowing for translation of individual anatomical coordinates to surgical stereotaxic apparatus. Given the varied tissue contrasts that these imaging techniques produce, precise alignment of imaging-based coordinates to surgical apparatus can be cumbersome. MRI-compatible stereotaxis with radiopaque fiducial markers offer a straight-forward and reliable solution, but existing commercial options do not fit in conformal head coils that maximize imaging quality.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs) are associated with morbidity and mortality.
Objective: The aim was to determine the different types of SCARs, their morphology, common offending drugs, interventions, and outcomes.
Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted of all patients admitted to the dermatology service at the University Hospital of the West Indies with Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), SJS/toxic epidermal necrolysis overlap (TEN), TEN, drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms and acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis between January 1, 2012 to June 1, 2022.
Background And Objectives: Intracranial electrophysiology of thalamic nuclei has demonstrated involvement of thalamic areas in the propagation of seizures in focal drug-resistant epilepsy. Recent studies have argued that thalamus stereoencephalography (sEEG) may aid in understanding the epileptogenic zone and treatment options. However, the study of thalamic sEEG-associated hemorrhage incidence has not been investigated in a cohort study design.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: This systematic review (SR) of SRs evaluates the effectiveness of vasopressin alone or in combination with other drugs in improving the outcomes of cardiac arrest (CA).
Methods: Using a three-step approach, we searched five databases to identify all relevant SRs. Two reviewers independently selected suitable studies, assessed study quality, and extracted relevant data.
Background: Lung transplant surgery creates surgical pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) as a routine part of the procedure. However, many patients with pretransplant atrial fibrillation continue to have atrial fibrillation at 1 y. We hypothesized that the addition of electrical PVI and left atrial appendage isolation/ligation (LAL) to the lung transplant procedure restores sinus rhythm at 1 y in patients with pretransplant atrial fibrillation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWhile neurostimulation technologies are rapidly approaching clinical applications for sensorimotor disorders, the impact of electrical stimulation on network dynamics is still unknown. Given the high degree of shared processing in neural structures, it is critical to understand if neurostimulation affects functions that are related to, but not targeted by, the intervention. Here, we approach this question by studying the effects of electrical stimulation of cutaneous afferents on unrelated processing of proprioceptive inputs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of delaying lung transplantation until morning for donors with cross-clamp times occurring after 1:30 am.
Methods: All consented adult lung transplant recipients between March 2018 and May 2022 with donor cross-clamp times between 1:30 am and 5 am were enrolled prospectively in this study. Skin incision for enrolled recipients was delayed until 6:30 am (Night group).
Background And Objective: Stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) is an invasive monitoring method designed to define and localize the epileptogenic zone (EZ) and explore the putative network responsible for the electroclinical seizures using anatomo-functional-electroclinical correlations. When indicated by semiology in selected patients, exploration of both limbic and paralimbic (PL) regions is indispensable. However, the PL cortex is located in deep and highly vascularized areas in proximity to the anterior Sylvian fissure and middle cerebral artery branches.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTraumatic brain injury (TBI) and stroke are the most common causes of acquired brain injury (ABI), annually affecting 69 million and 15 million people, respectively. Following ABI, the relationship between brain network disruption and common cognitive issues including attention dysfunction is heterogenous. Using PRISMA guidelines, we systematically reviewed 43 studies published by February 2023 that reported correlations between attention and connectivity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF