Substance use disorders and disparities in hispanic and non-hispanic older adults.

Background: The global longevity revolution increased the older adult population, posing unique health and economic challenges with implications for healthcare, especially substance use disorders (SUD).

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of United States older adults, Hispanic and non-Hispanic, who got at least one mental and/or behavioral disorder diagnosis between 2017 and 2021 at age 65 or older. SUD prevalence, prescription frequency changes over time, and comorbidities associated with each medication were compared.

Educational intervention to improve pharmacist knowledge to provide care for transgender patients.

Background: Most pharmacists have not received formal training or education in the provision of care for transgender patients. Nonetheless, pharmacists have the potential to be valuable partners in the care of transgender patients, and a continuing education course might be valuable in addressing this knowledge gap.

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the impact of a three-hour continuing education course in improving the knowledge of pharmacists to provide pharmaceutical care for transgender patients.

The Development of a Knowledge Test on Transgender Patients' Care.

The objective of this study was to develop an assessment instrument to measure the effects of a continuing education intervention on 3 domains in pharmacists' knowledge needed to provide pharmaceutical care for transgender patients: (1) foundations of gender-affirming care, (2) health disparities and the specific needs of transgender patients, and (3) hormone treatments for transgender patients. Multiple-choice questions were developed, and an initial item bank of 47 items was drafted. Item bank revision was conducted by content matter experts, while feedback from 8 practicing pharmacists was provided for face validity and further insights.

Readiness to provide pharmaceutical care to transgender patients: Perspectives from pharmacists and transgender individuals.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were (1) to assess pharmacist readiness to provide pharmaceutical care for transgender patients through measuring both pharmacists' knowledge and attitudes towards transgender patients, (2) to assess transgender patients' perception of pharmacist readiness to provide them pharmaceutical care through measuring both pharmacists' knowledge and attitudes toward them, and (3) to compare pharmacist readiness to provide pharmaceutical care for transgender patients and patient perception of this readiness.

Design: The study used a descriptive, cross-sectional design. The pharmacist's readiness and the transgender patient's perception of their readiness, defined as a combination of knowledge and attitude, were evaluated.