Self-Management among Stroke Survivors in the United States, 2016 to 2021.

: Self-management among stroke survivors is effective in mitigating the risk of a recurrent stroke. This study aims to determine the prevalence of self-management and its associated factors among stroke survivors in the United States. : We analyzed the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data from 2016 to 2021, a nationally representative health survey.

Implementation and evaluation of a community-based mindful walking randomized controlled trial to sustain cognitive health in older African Americans at risk for dementia.

Background: With an increasing proportion of older adults and the associated risk of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD) around the globe, there is an urgent need to engage in ADRD risk reduction efforts. African American (AA) older adults in the U.S.

Documenting Compliance and Symptom Reactivity for Ambulatory Assessment Methodology Following Concussion in Adolescents and Young Adults: Feasibility of the Mobile Neurocognitive Health (MNCH) Project.

Objective: Evaluate compliance, symptom reactivity, and acceptability/experience ratings for an ecological momentary assessment (EMA) protocol involving ultra-brief ambulatory cognitive assessments in adolescent and young adult patients with concussion.

Setting: Outpatient concussion clinic.

Participants: 116 patients aged 13 to 25 years with concussion.

Detecting cognitive decline in high-functioning older adults: The relationship between subjective cognitive concerns, frequency of high neuropsychological test scores, and the frontoparietal control network.

Objective: Neuropsychologists have difficulty detecting cognitive decline in high-functioning older adults because greater neurological change must occur before cognitive performances are low enough to indicate decline or impairment. For high-functioning older adults, early neurological changes may correspond with subjective cognitive concerns and an absence of high scores. This study compared high-functioning older adults with and without subjective cognitive concerns, hypothesizing those with cognitive concerns would have fewer high scores on neuropsychological testing and lower frontoparietal network volume, thickness, and connectivity.

Sometimes you just can't: within-person variation in working memory capacity moderates negative affect reactivity to stressor exposure.

The executive hypothesis of self-regulation places cognitive information processing at the center of self-regulatory success/failure. While the hypothesis is well supported by cross-sectional studies, no study has tested its primary prediction, that temporary lapses in executive control underlie moments of self-regulatory failure. Here, we conducted a naturalistic experiment investigating whether short-term variation in executive control is associated with momentary self-regulatory outcomes, indicated by negative affect reactivity to everyday stressors.

Dopamine D Agonists: First Potential Treatment for Late-Stage Parkinson's Disease.

Current pharmacotherapy has limited efficacy and/or intolerable side effects in late-stage Parkinson's disease (LsPD) patients whose daily life depends primarily on caregivers and palliative care. Clinical metrics inadequately gauge efficacy in LsPD patients. We explored if a D dopamine agonist would have efficacy in LsPD using a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover phase Ia/b study comparing the D agonist PF-06412562 to levodopa/carbidopa in six LsPD patients.

Ultra-brief Assessment of Working Memory Capacity: Ambulatory Assessment Study Using Smartphones.

Background: The development of mobile technology with substantial computing power (ie, smartphones) has enabled the adaptation of performance-based cognitive assessments to remote administration and novel intensive longitudinal study designs (eg, measurement burst designs). Although an "ambulatory" cognitive assessment paradigm may provide new research opportunities, the adaptation of conventional measures to a mobile format conducive to intensive repeated measurement involves balancing measurement precision, administration time, and procedural consistency.

Objective: Across 3 studies, we adapted "complex span" tests of working memory capacity (WMC) for ultra-brief, smartphone-based administration and examined their reliability, sufficiency, and associations with full-length, laboratory-based computerized administrations.

Multicultural Healthy Diet to Reduce Cognitive Decline & Alzheimer's Disease Risk: Study protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial.

Background: Emerging evidence indicates that healthy dietary patterns are associated with higher cognitive status; however, few clinical trials have explored this association in diverse middle-aged adults before the onset of cognitive decline. We use novel ambulatory methods to assess cognition in natural settings in tandem with diet recording.

Aims: We investigate whether the Multicultural Healthy Diet Study to Reduce Cognitive Decline & Alzheimer's Disease Risk, a pilot randomized controlled trial of an anti-inflammatory dietary pattern compared to usual diet, can mitigate cognitive decline and Alzheimer's Disease risk in a diverse population of 40-65 year old adults in Bronx, New York.

Accounting for retest effects in cognitive testing with the Bayesian double exponential model via intensive measurement burst designs.

Monitoring early changes in cognitive performance is useful for studying cognitive aging as well as for detecting early markers of neurodegenerative diseases. Repeated evaluation of cognition via a measurement burst design can accomplish this goal. In such design participants complete brief evaluations of cognition, multiple times per day for several days, and ideally, repeat the process once or twice a year.

Frontostriatal and limbic contributions to cognitive decline in Parkinson's disease.

Background And Purpose: The circuitry underlying heterogenous cognitive profiles in Parkinson's disease (PD) remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether structural changes in frontostriatal and limbic pathways contribute to different cognitive trajectories in PD.

Methods: We obtained clinical and multimodal MRI data from 120 control and 122 PD subjects without dementia or severe motor disability.

Ambulatory Assessment in Concussion Clinical Care and Rehabilitation.

Concussion is a mild traumatic brain injury that is characterized by a wide range of physical, emotional, and cognitive symptoms as well as neurocognitive, vestibular, and ocular impairments that can negatively affect daily functioning and quality of life. Clinical consensus statements recommend a targeted, clinical profile-based approach for management and treatment. This approach requires that clinicians utilize information obtained via a clinical interview and a multi-domain assessment battery to identify clinical profile(s) (e.

Variability in Cognitive Performance on Mobile Devices Is Sensitive to Mild Cognitive Impairment: Results From the Einstein Aging Study.

Within-person variability in cognitive performance has emerged as a promising indicator of cognitive health with potential to distinguish normative and pathological cognitive aging. We use a smartphone-based digital health approach with ecological momentary assessments (EMA) to examine differences in variability in performance among older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and those who were cognitively unimpaired (CU). A sample of 311 systematically recruited, community-dwelling older adults from the Einstein Aging Study (Mean age = 77.

Mindful walking and cognition in older adults: A proof of concept study using in-lab and ambulatory cognitive measures.

Mindfulness practice and walking have been linked individually to sustain cognition in older adults. This early-phase study aimed to establish proof-of-concept by evaluating whether an intervention that integrates light-intensity walking with mindfulness practices shows promising signs of improving cognition in older adults. Participants ( = 25, M = 72.

Fornix white matter microstructure differentially predicts false recollection rates in older and younger adults.

Healthy aging is accompanied by increased false remembering in addition to reduced successful remembering in older adults. Neuroimaging studies implicate age-related differences in the involvement of medial temporal lobe and fronto-parietal regions in mediating highly confident false recollection. However, no studies have directly examined the relationship between white matter microstructure and false recollection in younger and older adults.

Cognitive Control Moderates the Health Benefits of Trait Self-Regulation in Young Adults.

Separate lines of epidemiological research suggest that individuals with high trait self-regulation (e.g. conscientious individuals) and individuals with higher cognitive ability (e.

Dynamic range of frontoparietal functional modulation is associated with working memory capacity limitations in older adults.

Older adults tend to over-activate regions throughout frontoparietal cortices and exhibit a reduced range of functional modulation during WM task performance compared to younger adults. While recent evidence suggests that reduced functional modulation is associated with poorer task performance, it remains unclear whether reduced range of modulation is indicative of general WM capacity-limitations. In the current study, we examined whether the range of functional modulation observed over multiple levels of WM task difficulty (N-Back) predicts in-scanner task performance and out-of-scanner psychometric estimates of WM capacity.

Clinically silent Alzheimer's and vascular pathologies influence brain networks supporting executive function in healthy older adults.

Aging is associated with declines in executive function. We examined how executive functional brain systems are influenced by clinically silent Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology and cerebral white-matter hyperintensities (WMHs). Twenty-nine younger adults and 34 cognitively normal older adults completed a working memory paradigm while functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed.

Polygraphy and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Lie Detection: A Controlled Blind Comparison Using the Concealed Information Test.

Objective: Intentional deception is a common act that often has detrimental social, legal, and clinical implications. In the last decade, brain activation patterns associated with deception have been mapped with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), significantly expanding our theoretical understanding of the phenomenon. However, despite substantial criticism, polygraphy remains the only biological method of lie detection in practical use today.

Neural Mechanisms for the Benefits of Stimulus-Driven Attention.

Stimulus-driven attention can improve working memory (WM) when drawn to behaviorally relevant information, but the neural mechanisms underlying this effect are unclear. The present study used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to test competing hypotheses regarding the nature of the benefits of stimulus-driven attention to WM: that stimulus-driven attention benefits WM directly via salience detection, that stimulus-driven attention benefits WM incidentally via cognitive control mechanisms recruited to reduce interference from salient features, or that both mechanisms are co-involved in enhancing WM for salient information. To test these hypotheses, we observed activation in brain regions associated with cognitive control and salience detection.

White matter microstructure contributes to age-related declines in task-induced deactivation of the default mode network.

Task-induced deactivations within the brain's default mode network (DMN) are thought to reflect suppression of endogenous thought processes to support exogenous goal-directed task processes. Older adults are known to show reductions in deactivation of the DMN compared to younger adults. However, little is understood about the mechanisms contributing to functional dysregulation of the DMN in aging.

Ventral fronto-parietal contributions to the disruption of visual working memory storage.

The ability to maintain information in visual working memory (VWM) in the presence of ongoing visual input allows for flexible goal-directed behavior. Previous evidence suggests that categorical overlap between visual distractors and the contents of VWM is associated with both the degree to which distractors disrupt VWM performance and activation among fronto-parietal regions of cortex. While within-category distractors have been shown to elicit a greater response in ventral fronto-parietal regions, to date, no study has linked distractor-evoked response of these regions to VWM performance costs.

Cardiorespiratory fitness modifies the relationship between myocardial function and cerebral blood flow in older adults.

A growing body of evidence indicates that cardiorespiratory fitness attenuates some age-related cerebral declines. However, little is known about the role that myocardial function plays in this relationship. Brain regions with high resting metabolic rates, such as the default mode network (DMN), may be especially vulnerable to age-related declines in myocardial functions affecting cerebral blood flow (CBF).