Exploring infiltration effects on coastal urban flooding: Insights from nuisance to extreme events using 2D/1D hydrodynamic modeling and crowdsourced flood reports.

Coastal urban flooding presents significant challenges due to the complex interactions between surface runoff, storm tides, and drainage systems. In highly impervious urban areas, infiltration may seem negligible, particularly during extreme events when soil saturation is rapidly exceeded. However, for nuisance flooding-becoming more frequent due to sea level rise and shifting rainfall patterns-the role of infiltration warrants closer examination.

Exploring the adoption of water quality trading as an alternative stormwater regulatory compliance strategy for land development projects: A case study for Roanoke, Virginia.

Urban stormwater runoff is a significant source of nutrient pollution that is very costly to treat. Water quality trading (WQT) is a market-based strategy that can be used to lower the costs associated with meeting stormwater quality regulations. While many WQT programs have experienced low participation, Virginia's program has seen high participation due to the inclusion of land developers and other regulated stormwater dischargers.

Assessing and improving the outcomes of nonpoint source water quality trading policies in urban areas: A case study in Virginia.

Nonpoint source (NPS) water quality trading (WQT) is a market-based approach to improving water quality. Past work has shown that these programs could increase localized pollutant loadings, in part by exporting water quality controls from urban to rural areas. Virginia's NPS WQT program has enabled thousands of transactions and may provide a model for other programs, but its impacts on urban water quality have not been thoroughly assessed.

Nonpoint Source Water Quality Trading outcomes: Landscape-scale patterns and integration with watershed management priorities.

Nonpoint source (NPS) water quality trading (WQT) has been lauded as a way to reduce water pollution while mitigating costs, but NPS WQT programs often do not account for cumulative landscape-scale impacts to hydrological and ecological processes. In this work, we parameterize the landscape-scale patterns of an emerging NPS WQT market in Virginia (n = 606 transactions) and describe potential tradeoffs and synergies. We also examine program outcomes in the context of Virginia's spatially-explicit conservation and restoration priorities, and discuss ways in which NPS WQT integrates or fails to integrate with these state-level watershed management goals.

Quantifying background nitrate removal mechanisms in an agricultural watershed with contrasting subcatchment baseflow concentrations.

Numerous studies have documented the linkages between agricultural nitrogen loads and surface water degradation. In contrast, potential water quality improvements due to agricultural best management practices are difficult to detect because of the confounding effect of background nitrate removal rates, as well as the groundwater-driven delay between land surface action and stream response. To characterize background controls on nitrate removal in two agricultural catchments, we calibrated groundwater travel time distributions with subsurface environmental tracer data to quantify the lag time between historic agricultural inputs and measured baseflow nitrate.

Patient perspectives on neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: Data from the PatientsLikeMe online community.

Background: Few studies have evaluated patient perspectives on neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and NMO spectrum disorder (NMOSD).

Objective: Describe patient-reported clinical and treatment experience in NMOSD and compare disease characteristics of NMOSD with those of multiple sclerosis (MS).

Methods: This retrospective, observational study included 522 members with NMO or NMOSD (hereafter collectively referred to as NMOSD) from PatientsLikeMe (PLM), an online patient community.

Time for a change in how new antibiotics are reimbursed: Development of an insurance framework for funding new antibiotics based on a policy of risk mitigation.

Healthcare systems depend on the availability of new antibiotics. However, there is a lack of treatments for infections caused by multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens and a weak development pipeline of new therapies. One core challenge to the development of new antibiotics targeting MDR pathogens is that expected revenues are insufficient to drive long-term investment.

Hydrogen-bonding in 2-aminobenzoyl-alpha-chymotrypsin formed by acylation of the enzyme with isatoic anhydride: IR and mass spectroscopic studies.

The acyl-enzyme formed upon acylation of alpha-chymotrypsin with isatoic anhydride has been characterised by infrared spectroscopy. Acylation at pH 7 to yield the 2-aminobenzoyl-enzyme is rapid (k = 5.57x 10(-2)s(-1)), while deacylation is much slower (k =3.

Essential role of histidine 20 in the catalytic mechanism of Escherichia coli peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase.

The peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase (Pth) enzyme plays an essential role in recycling tRNA from peptidyl-tRNA that has prematurely dissociated from the ribosome. In this study of Escherichia coli Pth, the critical role of histidine 20 was investigated by site-directed mutagenesis, stopped-flow kinetic measurements, and chemical modification. The histidine residue at position 20 is known to play an important role in the hydrolysis reaction, but stopped-flow fluorescence measurements showed that, although the His20Asn Pth mutant enzyme was unable to hydrolyze the substrate, the enzyme retained the ability to bind peptidyl-tRNA.