Speech intelligibility and talker identification with non-telephone frequencies.

Although the telephone band (0.3-3 kHz) provides sufficient information for speech recognition, the contribution of the non-telephone band (<0.3 and >3 kHz) is unclear.

Femoral shaft displacement and Winquist classification provide predictive characteristics for combined femoral neck and femoral shaft fractures.

Objectives: The goal of this study is to establish radiographic features and characteristics of patient injury in cases of femoral shaft fractures that predict the presence of ipsilateral femoral neck fractures (IFNFs).

Methods: Patient data was retrospectively assessed from a single level I trauma center through the electronic health record using (Current Procedural Terminology) CPT codes for both isolated and combined ipsilateral femoral shaft and neck fractures. Demographic information, injury characteristics, and independently reviewed radiographic features were collected and compared against the same information from a group of isolated femoral shaft fractures.

Surgical strategies in the management of aggressive spinal haemangiomas: Retrospective case series with literature review and a practical treatment algorithm.

Purpose: We studied the clinico-radiological features and treatment outcomes of patients with aggressive spinal haemangiomas.

Methods: We undertook a retrospective review of 24 patients with aggressive spinal haemangiomas managed at our centre from 2004 to 2016. The cohort was divided into two groups.

Recurrent post-operative extradural and subdural collections due to intracranial hypotension following a lumbar subarachnoid drain.

Intracranial hypotension (IH) represents a syndrome secondary to low cerebrospinal fluid pressure. This case of IH following a lumbar drain inserted before the excision of a left intraconal lesion, leading to recurrent post-operative unilateral subdural and extradural collections, was treated successfully with the evacuation of the collection and simultaneous epidural blood patch (EBP) injection. Our report provides an important perspective on the management of IH with recurrent intracranial collections and reiterates that IH should be considered when dealing with recurrent unilateral intracranial collections in the post-operative period.

Hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy in Spetzler Martin grades 4 and 5 arteriovenous malformations in the pediatric population: Is it a viable alternative?

Objective: To analyze the outcomes of hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (HFSRT) for Spetzler Martin grades 4 and 5 arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in a pediatric population.

Methods: Fourteen patients with Spetzler Martin (SM) grades IV and V large AVMs who underwent HFSRT between January 2013 and July 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. All patients received HFSRT at a dose of 30-36 Gy in 5 to 6 fractions.

Tension Pneumocephalus: A Potentially Fatal Complication of Expanded Endoscopic Endonasal Approach.

While some volume of pneumocephalus occurs following any surgery entailing dural breach, tension pneumocephalus (TP) is a rare complication of endoscopic endonasal surgery described in less than 1% cases including expanded endoscopic endonasal approaches (EEEA). It is a neurosurgical emergency warranting urgent decompression. Two cases, who developed TP following EEEA are presented.

Smart Strategies to Overcome Drug Delivery Challenges in the Musculoskeletal System.

The musculoskeletal system (MSKS) is composed of specialized connective tissues including bone, muscle, cartilage, tendon, ligament, and their subtypes. The primary function of the MSKS is to provide protection, structure, mobility, and mechanical properties to the body. In the process of fulfilling these functions, the MSKS is subject to wear and tear during aging and after injury and requires subsequent repair.

Matrilin-2 within a three-dimensional lysine-modified chitosan porous scaffold enhances Schwann cell migration and axonal outgrowth for peripheral nerve regeneration.

Matrilin-2 is a key extracellular matrix protein involved in peripheral nerve regeneration. We sought to develop a biomimetic scaffold to enhance peripheral nerve regeneration by incorporating matrilin-2 within a chitosan-derived porous scaffold. We hypothesized that the use of such a novel biomaterial delivers microenvironmental cues to facilitate Schwann cell (SC) migration and enhance axonal outgrowth during peripheral nerve regeneration.

Adapting management strategies for sellar-suprasellar lesions during the COVID-19 pandemic: a pragmatic approach from the frontline.

Purpose: During the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, endonasal surgeries for sellar-suprasellar lesions were discouraged due to the risk of transmission of the disease. We reviewed the changes in our management protocol for these lesions as our disease understanding and preparedness evolved.

Materials And Methods: This was a retrospective observational study including patients with sellar-suprasellar and clival lesions presenting to us between March and October 2020.

COBRE for Skeletal Health and Repair: The Impact of Aging on the Capacity for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration.

Peripheral nerves are crucial to the motor and sensory function provided by our upper and lower extremities to our brain and spinal cord. Following trauma or illness, these nerves may be injured, leading to a loss of function that can be significantly debilitating. Fortunately, given the type of injury and under the right conditions, peripheral nerves can regenerate through well-coordinated biochemical processes.

Pediatric nasal dermoid- a decade's experience from a South Indian tertiary care centre.

Introduction: Nasal dermoid sinus cyst (NDSC) are uncommon congenital lesions in children.

Objective: To review the clinical and radiological presentation and study the surgical outcomes of this uncommon lesion.

Method: Retrospective chart review of all children diagnosed with nasal dermoid from 2010 to 2020 at a tertiary referral hospital in South India was executed.

EEG lateralization and seizure outcome following peri-insular hemispherotomy for pediatric hemispheric epilepsy.

Objective: To determine whether preoperative non-lateralizing scalp electroencephalography (EEG) influences seizure outcome following peri-insular hemispherotomy (PIH) in pediatric hemispheric epilepsy.

Methods: Retrospective data was collected on all 45 pediatric patients who underwent PIH between 2005 and 2016. All underwent a basic pre-surgical evaluation consisting of detailed history and examination, neuropsychological assessment, MRI, and EEG.

A randomized controlled trial to determine the role of intraoperative lumbar cerebrospinal fluid drainage in patients undergoing endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenomas.

Background: Intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks are a frequent cause of morbidity in patients undergoing transsphenoidal surgery. This prospective study was performed to examine the impact of intraoperative lumbar subarachnoid drainage (LSAD) on the incidence of this complication and on the extent of resection in patients undergoing endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenomas.

Materials And Methods: This prospective study was conducted in a single large academic medical center.

Xanthogranulomatous colloid cyst of the third ventricle: Alter your surgical strategy.

Colloid cysts are the most common benign neoplasms of the anterior third ventricle, mostly located at the level of the foramen of Monro and can often manifest as sudden onset headache or loss of consciousness. These cysts often have a well-defined cyst wall, mucinous or watery intracystic fluid and have a fairly good plane with the surrounding parenchyma. Occasionally, intracystic haemorrhage can lead to xanthogranulomatous inflammatory changes within the cyst resulting in focal thickening of the cyst wall and adhesion to the surrounding structures.