Moving Diabetes Prevention Programs to the Workplace: A Qualitative Exploration of Barriers and Facilitators to Participant Engagement When Implemented by an Employer-Based Clinic.

Purpose And Objectives: The Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP), an effective evidence-based strategy to reduce the incidence of type 2 diabetes, has been widely implemented in various locations, including workplaces. However, most people do not remain engaged in the program for the recommended full year. Limited qualitative research exists around participant engagement in the workplace DPP.

Incidence and Predictors of Postpartum Depression Diagnoses among Active-Duty U.S. Army Soldiers.

Understanding the incidence and predictors of postpartum depression (PPD) among active-duty service members is critical given the importance of this population and its unique stressors. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all active-duty U.S.

Changes in male permanent contraception as partner access to long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) increases: an analysis of the National Survey for Family Growth, 2006-2010 versus 2017-2019.

Objective: Male permanent contraception (PC), that is, vasectomy, is an effective way of preventing pregnancy. In the United States, male PC use has historically been concentrated among higher-educated/higher-income males of White race. In the last decade, use of long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) has increased dramatically.

Medicine plus mindset: A mixed-methods evaluation of a novel mindset-focused training for primary care teams.

Objectives: Patient mindsets influence health outcomes; yet trainings focused on care teams' understanding, recognizing, and shaping patient mindsets do not exist. This paper aims to describe and evaluate initial reception of the "Medicine Plus Mindset" training program.

Methods: Clinicians and staff at five primary care clinics (N = 186) in the San Francisco Bay Area received the Medicine Plus Mindset Training.

Evolution of a Project to Improve Inpatient-to-Outpatient Dermatology Care Transitions: Mixed Methods Evaluation.

Background: In-hospital dermatological care has shifted from dedicated dermatology wards to consultation services, and some consulted patients may require postdischarge follow-up in outpatient dermatology. Safe and timely care transitions from inpatient-to-outpatient specialty care are critical for patient health, but communication around these transitions can be disjointed, and workflows can be complex.

Objective: In this 3-phase quality improvement effort, we developed and evaluated an intervention that leveraged an electronic health record (EHR) feature, known as SmartPhrase, to enable a new workflow to improve transitions from inpatient care to outpatient dermatology.

An exploratory analysis of factors associated with spontaneous preterm birth among pregnant veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder.

Background: Pregnant veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are at increased risk for spontaneous preterm birth, yet the underlying reasons are unclear. We examined factors associated with spontaneous preterm birth among pregnant veterans with active PTSD.

Methods: This was an observational study of births from administrative databases reimbursed by the Veterans Health Association (VA) between 2005 and 2015.

Postpartum long-acting reversible contraceptive use among active-duty, female US Army soldiers.

Background: Postpartum use of long-acting reversible contraception has been found to be effective at increasing interpregnancy intervals, reducing unintended pregnancies, and optimizing health outcomes for mothers and babies. Among female active-duty military service members, reproductive planning may be particularly important, yet little is known about postpartum long-acting reversible contraceptive use among active-duty soldiers.

Objective: This study aimed to (1) quantify postpartum uptake of long-acting reversible contraception among active-duty female US Army soldiers and (2) identify demographic and military-specific characteristics associated with use.

Postpartum long-acting reversible contraception among privately insured: U.S. National analysis 2007-2016, by term and preterm birth.

Objectives: To investigate postpartum long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) use among privately insured women, with specific consideration of use after preterm delivery.

Study Design: We used the national IBM MarketScan Commercial Database to identify singleton deliveries from 2007 to 2016, spontaneous preterm birth, and follow-up ≤12 weeks postpartum. We assessed ≤12-week postpartum LARC placement overall and after spontaneous preterm deliveries, across study years.

Physical Fitness in Relationship to Depression and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder During Pregnancy Among U.S. Army Soldiers.

Depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are prevalent in pregnancy, especially among military members. These conditions can lead to adverse birth outcomes, yet, there's a paucity of evidence for prevention strategies. Optimizing physical fitness is one understudied potential intervention.

Assessing Racial Disparities in Access, Use, and Outcomes for Pregnant and Postpartum Veterans and Their Infants in Veterans Health Administration.

Limited population-based data examines racial disparities among pregnant and postpartum Veterans. Our objective was to determine whether Black/white racial disparities in health care access, use, and Veteran and infant outcomes are present among pregnant and postpartum Veterans and their infants using Veterans Health Administration (VA) care. The VA National Veteran Pregnancy and Maternity Care Survey included all Veterans with a VA paid live birth between June 2018 and December 2019.

Pandemic Through the Lens of Black Barbershops: COVID-19's Impact and Barbers' Potential Role as Public Health Extenders.

We examined the impact of COVID-19 on Black barbershops and their potential role as public health extenders. A 30-item survey was distributed to predominantly Black barbershop owners and barbers across 40 different states/territories in the US between June and October 2020. The survey addressed the impact of COVID-19 on Black barbershops, and barbers' interest in engaging in health outreach programs.

Evaluating clinician-led quality improvement initiatives: A system-wide embedded research partnership at Stanford Medicine.

Introduction: Many healthcare delivery systems have developed clinician-led quality improvement (QI) initiatives but fewer have also developed in-house evaluation units. Engagement between the two entities creates unique opportunities. Stanford Medicine funded a collaboration between their Improvement Capability Development Program (ICDP), which coordinates and incentivizes clinician-led QI efforts, and the Evaluation Sciences Unit (ESU), a multidisciplinary group of embedded researchers with expertise in implementation and evaluation sciences.

Veteran Postpartum Health: VA Care Team Perspectives on Care Coordination, Health Equity, and Trauma-Informed Care.

Introduction: A growing number of veterans are having children, and pregnancy is an opportunity to engage with health care. Within the Veterans Health Administration (VA), the VA maternity care coordination program supports veterans before, during, and after pregnancy, which are periods that inherently involve transitions between clinicians and risk care fragmentation. Postpartum transitions in care are known to be especially tenuous, with low rates of primary care reengagement.

Gynecologist Supply Deserts Across the VA and in the Community.

Background: The Veterans Health Administration (VA) refers patients to community providers for specialty services not available on-site. However, community-level specialist shortages may impede access to care.

Objective: Compare gynecologist supply in veterans' county of residence versus at their VA site.

Heterogeneous glycosylation and methylation of the Aeromonas caviae flagellin.

Bacterial swimming is mediated by the rotation of a flagellar filament. Many bacteria are now known to be able to O-glycosylate their flagellins, the proteins that make up the flagellar filament. For bacteria that use nonulosonic acid sugars such as pseudaminic acid, this glycosylation process is essential for the formation of a functional flagellum.

Lactogenesis and breastfeeding after immediate vs delayed birth-hospitalization insertion of etonogestrel contraceptive implant: a noninferiority trial.

Background: Initiating a progestin-based contraceptive before the drop in progesterone required to start lactogenesis stage II could theoretically affect lactation. Previous studies have shown that initiating progestin-based contraception in the postnatal period before birth-hospitalization discharge has no detrimental effects on breastfeeding initiation or continuation compared with outpatient interval initiation. However, there are currently no breastfeeding data on the impact of initiating the etonogestrel contraceptive implant in the early postnatal period immediately in the delivery room.

Teledermatology to Facilitate Patient Care Transitions From Inpatient to Outpatient Dermatology: Mixed Methods Evaluation.

Background: Both clinicians and patients have increasingly turned to telemedicine to improve care access, even in physical examination-dependent specialties such as dermatology. However, little is known about whether teledermatology supports effective and timely transitions from inpatient to outpatient care, which is a common care coordination gap.

Objective: Using mixed methods, this study sought to retrospectively evaluate how teledermatology affected clinic capacity, scheduling efficiency, and timeliness of follow-up care for patients transitioning from inpatient to outpatient dermatology care.

The Presence 5 for Racial Justice Framework for anti-racist communication with Black patients.

Objective: To identify communication practices that clinicians can use to address racism faced by Black patients, build trusting relationships, and empower Black individuals in clinical care.

Data Sources: Qualitative data (N = 112 participants, August 2020-March 2021) collected in partnership with clinics primarily serving Black patients in Leeds, AL; Memphis, TN; Oakland, CA; and Rochester, NY.

Study Design: This multi-phased project was informed by human-centered design thinking and community-based participatory research principles.

Neisseria gonorrhoeae physiology and pathogenesis.

Neisseria gonorrhoeae is an obligate human pathogen that is the cause of the sexually transmitted disease gonorrhoea. Recently, there has been a surge in gonorrhoea cases that has been exacerbated by the rapid rise in gonococcal multidrug resistance to all useful antimicrobials resulting in this organism becoming a significant public health burden. Therefore, there is a clear and present need to understand the organism's biology through its physiology and pathogenesis to help develop new intervention strategies.

Presence 5 for Racial Justice Workshop: Fostering Dialogue Across Medical Education to Disrupt Anti-Black Racism in Clinical Encounters.

Introduction: Anti-Black racism has strong roots in American health care and medical education. While curricula on social determinants of health are increasingly common in medical training, curricula directly addressing anti-Black racism are limited. Existing frameworks like the Presence 5 framework for humanism in medicine can be adapted to develop a novel workshop that promotes anti-racism communication.

Nonmedical Transdisciplinary Perspectives of Black and Racially and Ethnically Diverse Individuals About Antiracism Practices: A Qualitative Study.

Importance: Overwhelming evidence that anti-Black racism is associated with health inequities is driving clinician demand for antiracism practices that promote health equity.

Objective: To investigate how nonmedical professionals address personally mediated, institutional, and internalized racism and to adapt these practices for the clinical setting.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Using an approach from human-centered design for this qualitative study, virtual qualitative interviews were conducted among 40 professionals from nonmedical fields to investigate antiracism practices used outside of medicine.

Patient and Clinician Perspectives of New and Return Ambulatory Teleneurology Visits.

Background And Objectives: To evaluate the adoption and perceived utility of video visits for new and return patient encounters in ambulatory neurology subspecialties.

Methods: Video visits were launched in an academic, multi-subspecialty, ambulatory neurology clinic in March 2020. Adoption of video visits for new and return patient visits was assessed using clinician-level scheduling data from March 22 to May 16, 2020.