Effects of hydroxychloroquine on immune activation and disease progression among HIV-infected patients not receiving antiretroviral therapy: a randomized controlled trial.

Context: Therapies to decrease immune activation might be of benefit in slowing HIV disease progression.

Objective: To determine whether hydroxychloroquine decreases immune activation and slows CD4 cell decline.

Design, Setting, And Patients: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial performed at 10 HIV outpatient clinics in the United Kingdom between June 2008 and February 2011.

Predictors of renal outcome in HIV-associated nephropathy.

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) is an important cause of end-stage renal disease among African American patients. This study was performed to study the epidemiology of HIVAN in a predominantly black African population and the impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy and other factors on the development of end-stage renal disease.

Methods: We retrospectively identified all patients with HIVAN, defined by biopsy or strict clinical criteria, in 8 clinics in the United Kingdom.