Templating metallocycles with a macrocycle: synthesis, structures and magnetic studies of {CrM} complexes.

Addition of 1,4,8,11-tetrazacyclotetradecane (cyclam) to a reaction that produces octametallic rings when simpler amines are used, produces {CrM} "pretzels" (M = Zn or Cu) where the cyclam coordinates to the M ion which then sits at the centre of a twelve-metal macrocycle. Magnetic studies were fitted using the finite-temperature Lanczos method (FTLM), and the results demonstrate that exchange interactions are transferable from previous exchange-coupled Cr rings.

Single Isomer Heterometallic {CrM} Rings Templated by Tetramethylammonium.

A family of heterometallic rings [MeN][CrMF(OCBu)] is reported using tetramethylammonium hydroxide pentahydrate as the source of a template, where M = Zn, Mn, Ni, and Co. The metal cores are octagons with metal-metal edges bridged by one fluoride and two carboxylate ligands. The divalent metal ions are found ordered at positions 1 and 5 in the octagon.

The Synthesis and Characterisation of a Molecular Sea-Serpent: Studies of a {Cr Cu } Chain.

A finite chain of thirty-one paramagnetic centers is reported, synthesized by reaction of hydrated chromium fluoride, copper carbonate and pivalic acid in the presence of 1,4,7,10-tetrazacyclododecane (cyclen). Magnetic studies show predominantly anti-ferromagnetic exchange leading to a high density of low-lying spin states and large saturation field.

Cyclotriveratrylene-tethered trinuclear palladium(ii)-NHC complexes; reversal of site selectivity in Suzuki-Miyaura reactions.

The trinuclear complexes [{PdI2(pyCl)}3(L1)] C1 and [{PdI2(pyCl)}3(L2)] C2, where pyCl = 3-chloropyridine, L1 = methyl(cyclotriguaiacylenyl)methylbenzimidazol-2-ylidene and L2 = benzyl(cyclotriguaiacylenyl)methylbenzimidazol-2-ylidene, each feature three palladium N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) centres tethered onto a host-type cyclotriguaiacylene scaffold. Crystal structures of different solvates of complex C1 reveal different host-guest motifs including intra-cavity binding of dioxane guests concomitant with intramolecular halogen bonding interactions of C1. Mononuclear NHC analogues of C1 and C2, namely [PdI2(pyCl)(L3)] C3 and [PdI2(pyCl)(L4)] C4, where L3 = (3-chloropyridyl)-1-(2-methoxyphenyoxy)methyl-3-methylbenzimidazol-2-ylidene and L4 = (3-chloropyridyl)-1-(2-methoxyphenyoxy)methyl-3-benzylbenzimidazol-2-ylidene, were also synthesised and their crystal structures determined.

An Examination of the Prescription Renewal Process and Implications for Primary Care Physicians and Community Pharmacists.

In physician practices and pharmacies, staff members work to process prescription renewals so that patients receive a steady supply of medications. These functions are essential to ensure patients have continuous access to medications and remain adherent to prescribed therapies. Despite the incorporation of e-prescribing software programs to ease management of these processes, barriers to effective management of the prescription renewal process exist.

Analysis of Lanthanide-Radical Magnetic Interactions in Ce(III) 2,2'-Bipyridyl Complexes.

A series of lanthanide complexes bearing organic radical ligands, [Ln(Cp)(bipy·)] [Ln = La, Cp = Cp (1); Ln = Ce, Cp = Cp (2); Ln = Ce, Cp = Cp″ (3); Ln = Ce, Cp = Cp‴ (4)] [Cp = {CHBu-1,3}; Cp″ = {CH(SiMe)-1,3}; Cp‴ = {CH(SiMe)-1,2,4}; bipy = 2,2'-bipyridyl], were prepared by reduction of [Ln(Cp)(μ-I)] or [Ce(Cp‴)(I) (THF)] with KC in the presence of bipy (THF = tetrahydrofuran). Complexes 1-4 were thoroughly characterized by structural, spectroscopic, and computational methods, together with magnetism and cyclic voltammetry, to define an unambiguous Ln(III)/bipy· radical formulation. These complexes can act as selective reducing agents; for example, the reaction of 3 with benzophenone gives [{Ce(Cp")(bipy)}{κ-O,O'-OPhC(CH)CPhO}] (7), a rare example of a "head-to-tail" coupling product.

M12L8 metallo-supramolecular cube with cyclotriguaiacylene-type ligand: spontaneous resolution of cube and its constituent host ligand.

The racemic ligand (±)-tris-(4-methylthiazolyl)cyclotriguaiacylene forms a homochiral crystalline Ag12L8 cube with spontaneous resolution. The ligand itself likewise crystallises in a chirally pure fashion in two clathrate complexes. Ag12L8 is the first example of a cyclotriguaiacylene-type coordination cube and a rare example of a M12L8-type metallo-cube.

Microarray analysis of tomato's early and late wound response reveals new regulatory targets for Leucine aminopeptidase A.

Wounding due to mechanical injury or insect feeding causes a wide array of damage to plant cells including cell disruption, desiccation, metabolite oxidation, and disruption of primary metabolism. In response, plants regulate a variety of genes and metabolic pathways to cope with injury. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a model for wound signaling but few studies have examined the comprehensive gene expression profiles in response to injury.

Leucine aminopeptidase regulates defense and wound signaling in tomato downstream of jasmonic acid.

Leucine aminopeptidase A (LapA) is a late wound-response gene of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). To elucidate the role of LapA, transgenic plants that overexpressed or abolished LapA gene expression were used. The early wound-response gene RNA levels were similar in wild-type and Lap-silenced (LapA-SI), -antisense (LapA-AS), and -overexpressing (LapA-OX) plants.

Fish on Prozac: effect of serotonin reuptake inhibitors on cognition in goldfish.

The authors studied the effect of fluoxetine (a specific serotonin reuptake inhibitor--SSRI) on active avoidance learning in fish. In an active, two-way, shuttle-box avoidance task we compared escape and avoidance of shock among fish receiving chronic administration of fluoxetine (Prozac), others receiving a 5-HT(1A) receptor antagonist (WAY 100,635; Sigma, St. Louis, MO) and controls.

Leucine aminopeptidases: diversity in structure and function.

Leucine aminopeptidases (LAPs) are metallopeptidases that cleave N-terminal residues from proteins and peptides. While hydrolyzing Leu substrates, LAPs often have a broader specificity. LAPs are members of the M1 or M17 peptidase families, and therefore the LAP nomenclature is complex.