Ab Initio Manganese K and K Energy Eigenvalues, Shake-Off Probabilities, Auger Rates, with Convergence Tests.

This work presents ab initio calculations for the Kα spectrum of manganese (Z = 25, [Ar]3d54s2), a highly complex system due to the five open orbitals in the 3d shell. The spectrum is composed of the canonical diagram line [1s]→[2p] and shake-off satellite lines [1snl]→[2pnl] (nl∈{2s,2p,3s,3p,3d,4s}), where square brackets denote a hole state. The multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree-Fock method with the active set approach provides the initial and final atomic wavefunctions.

Synthesis of Lactams via a Chiral Phosphoric Acid-Catalyzed Aniline Cyclization.

The enantioenriched lactams disclosed in this work are synthesized concisely in four steps. In the penultimate reaction, a benzylamine species complexes with a chiral phosphoric acid to produce benzo-fused δ-lactams equipped with an all-carbon quaternary stereocenter. Partial and full reductions were carried out on the ester and amide moieties, and a Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling expanded the molecule from the aromatic ring.

Modelling solar photovoltaic systems on dairy farms for cost savings and GHG emission reduction.

Rising on-farm electricity demand, coupled with surges in electricity prices, has increased costs associated with milk production. Additionally, the use of grid electricity with a high carbon footprint depreciates the environmental performance of dairy farming. We assessed the potential of photovoltaic (PV) systems installed on dairy parlours under different policy incentives to reduce electricity costs and the carbon footprint of dairy farms in Ireland.

High-accuracy measurement, advanced theory and analysis of the evolution of satellite transitions in manganese Kα using XR-HERFD.

Here, the novel technique of extended-range high-energy-resolution fluorescence detection (XR-HERFD) has successfully observed the n = 2 satellite in manganese to a high accuracy. The significance of the satellite signature presented is many hundreds of standard errors and well beyond typical discovery levels of three to six standard errors. This satellite is a sensitive indicator for all manganese-containing materials in condensed matter.

Multiple introductions of monkeypox virus to Ireland during the international mpox outbreak, May 2022 to October 2023.

BackgroundMpox, caused by monkeypox virus (MPXV), was considered a rare zoonotic disease before May 2022, when a global epidemic of cases in non-endemic countries led to the declaration of a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. Cases of mpox in Ireland, a country without previous mpox reports, could reflect extended local transmission or multiple epidemiological introductions.AimTo elucidate the origins and molecular characteristics of MPXV circulating in Ireland between May 2022 and October 2023.

WireSafe - A pilot study of a novel safety engineered device designed to prevent guidewire retention and reduce sharps injuries during central venous catheter insertion.

Background: Guidewire retention and sharps injury during central venous catheter insertion are errors that cause patient and healthcare professional harm. The WireSafe is a novel procedure safety pack engineered to prevent guidewire retention and sharps injury during central venous catheter insertion. This is a pilot study aimed to determine its acceptability, usability and safety during clinical practice.

Adeno-Associated Virus 2 and Human Adenovirus F41 in Wastewater during Outbreak of Severe Acute Hepatitis in Children, Ireland.

During April-July 2022, outbreaks of severe acute hepatitis of unknown etiology (SAHUE) were reported in 35 countries. Five percent of cases required liver transplantation, and 22 patients died. Viral metagenomic studies of clinical samples from SAHUE cases showed a correlation with human adenovirus F type 41 (HAdV-F41) and adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV2).

SARS-CoV-2 variant trends in Ireland: Wastewater-based epidemiology and clinical surveillance.

SARS-CoV-2 RNA quantification in wastewater is an important tool for monitoring the prevalence of COVID-19 disease on a community scale which complements case-based surveillance systems. As novel variants of concern (VOCs) emerge there is also a need to identify the primary circulating variants in a community, accomplished to date by sequencing clinical samples. Quantifying variants in wastewater offers a cost-effective means to augment these sequencing efforts.

Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 arising from international flights arriving in Ireland in December 2020: a descriptive analysis using national surveillance data.

Objectives: There is limited evidence on the risk of in-flight transmission of SARS-CoV-2. This study estimated the extent of in-flight SARS-CoV-2 transmission on international flights arriving in Ireland during December 2020.

Study Design: This was a cross-sectional analysis.

Fetal Deaths in Ireland Due to SARS-CoV-2 Placentitis Caused by SARS-CoV-2 Alpha.

Context.—: A severe third wave of COVID-19 disease affected Ireland in the first 3 months of 2021. In this wave, 1 second-trimester miscarriage and 6 stillbirths were observed in the Irish population because of placental insufficiency as a result of SARS-CoV-2 placentitis.

Treating COVID-19 in the nursing home setting: an integrated approach for a complex and susceptible cohort.

Our patient, a nursing home resident, was reviewed by our frailty outreach service in November 2020. She initially was diagnosed with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in September 2020 during an outbreak in her nursing home. On this occasion, she again tested positive for SARS-CoV-2.

Re-emergence of enterovirus D68 in Europe after easing the COVID-19 lockdown, September 2021.

We report a rapid increase in enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) infections, with 139 cases reported from eight European countries between 31 July and 14 October 2021. This upsurge is in line with the seasonality of EV-D68 and was presumably stimulated by the widespread reopening after COVID-19 lockdown. Most cases were identified in September, but more are to be expected in the coming months.

Genomic epidemiological analysis of SARS-CoV-2 household transmission.

Family clusters have contributed significantly to the onward spread of SARS-CoV-2. However, the dynamics of viral transmission in this setting remain incompletely understood. We describe the clinical and viral-phylogenetic characteristics of a family cluster of SARS-CoV-2 infections with a high attack rate, and explore how whole-genome sequencing (WGS) can inform outbreak investigations in this context.

Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Trajectory of Emerging Echovirus 30, Europe.

In 2018, an upsurge in echovirus 30 (E30) infections was reported in Europe. We conducted a large-scale epidemiologic and evolutionary study of 1,329 E30 strains collected in 22 countries in Europe during 2016-2018. Most E30 cases affected persons 0-4 years of age (29%) and 25-34 years of age (27%).

The Association between Therapeutic Alliance and Parental Health Outcomes following a Child's Death in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit.

Therapeutic alliance reflects the strength and quality of the physician-patient/family relationship. We investigated the association between therapeutic alliance and bereaved parents' mental health and perceived overall health following their child's death in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Bereaved parents were surveyed 6 months after their child's death in a PICU affiliated with the Collaborative Pediatric Critical Care Research Network.

HSP25 Vaccination Attenuates Atherogenesis via Upregulation of LDLR Expression, Lowering of PCSK9 Levels and Curbing of Inflammation.

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Humidicare - an implementation study of a novel HME safety device designed to prevent ventilator circuit occlusion due to inadvertent dual humidification.

Mechanical ventilation bypasses the protective mechanisms of the upper respiratory tract which are designed to heat and humidify inspired air to 37 °C and 44 mg HO/L respectively. Artificial humidification systems are therefore incorporated into ventilation circuits to condition cold and dry medical gases before they reach the lower respiratory tract and cause patient harm. Commonly either a heat and moisture exchanger (HME) or a heated humidifier (HH) are utilised for this purpose, however the inadvertent simultaneous use of both devices within the same circuit can cause critical airway occlusion within 24 h.

A bedside rescue method for retrieving retained guidewires: The 'Suck Out' technique.

Background: Central venous catheter guidewire retention is classed as a 'never event' in the United Kingdom, with the potential for significant patient harm. If the retained guidewire remains within the central venous catheter lumen, bedside techniques may facilitate guidewire retrieval. However, these techniques may be ineffective if the guidewire has already passed below skin level.

Group A Rotavirus Detection and Genotype Distribution before and after Introduction of a National Immunisation Programme in Ireland: 2015-2019.

Immunisation against rotavirus infection was introduced into Ireland in December 2016. We report on the viruses causing gastroenteritis before (2015-2016) and after (2017-2019) implementation of the Rotarix vaccine, as well as changes in the diversity of circulating rotavirus genotypes. Samples from patients aged ≤ 5 years (n = 11,800) were received at the National Virus Reference Laboratory, Dublin, and tested by real-time RT-PCR for rotavirus, Rotarix, norovirus, sapovirus, astrovirus, and enteric adenovirus.

20,000 years of societal vulnerability and adaptation to climate change in southwest Asia.

The Fertile Crescent, its hilly flanks and surrounding drylands has been a critical region for studying how climate has influenced societal change, and this review focuses on the region over the last 20,000 years. The complex social, economic, and environmental landscapes in the region today are not new phenomena and understanding their interactions requires a nuanced, multidisciplinary understanding of the past. This review builds on a history of collaboration between the social and natural palaeoscience disciplines.

Hepatitis A outbreak disproportionately affecting men who have sex with men (MSM) in the European Union and European Economic Area, June 2016 to May 2017.

Between 1 June 2016 and 31 May 2017, 17 European Union (EU) and European Economic Area countries reported 4,096 cases associated with a multi-country hepatitis A (HA) outbreak. Molecular analysis identified three co-circulating hepatitis A virus (HAV) strains of genotype IA: VRD_521_2016, V16-25801 and RIVM-HAV16-090. We categorised cases as confirmed, probable or possible, according to the EU outbreak case definitions.

Heat shock protein-27 and sex-selective regulation of muscarinic and proteinase-activated receptor 2-mediated vasodilatation: differential sensitivity to endothelial NOS inhibition.

Background And Purpose: Previously, we demonstrated that exogenous heat shock protein 27 (HSP27/gene, HSPB1) treatment of human endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) increases the synthesis and secretion of VEGF, improves EPC-migration/re-endothelialization and decreases neo-intima formation, suggesting a role for HSPB1 in regulating EPC function. We hypothesized that HSPB1 also affects mature endothelial cells (ECs) to alter EC-mediated vasoreactivity in vivo. Our work focused on endothelial NOS (eNOS)/NO-dependent relaxation induced by ACh and the coagulation pathway-activated receptor, proteinase-activated receptor 2 (PAR2).