Formation and validation of an acute care clinical pharmacist productivity model: Part 2.

Purpose: The purpose of the project described here was to use the work outputs identified in part 1 of a 2-part research initiative to build and validate an acute care clinical pharmacist productivity model.

Methods: Following the identification of work outputs in part 1 of the project, relative weighting was assigned to all outputs based on the time intensity and complexity of each task. The number of pharmacists verifying an inpatient medication order each day was selected to represent the labor input.

Decision-making framework for an acute care clinical pharmacist productivity model: Part 1.

Purpose: Clinical pharmacist productivity assessment has long been challenging, as a standard definition does not exist. A multistep project was undertaken with the intent to develop, validate, and implement an acute care clinical pharmacist productivity model. The initial step of the project was designed to identify, define, prioritize, and weight a comprehensive list of daily pharmacist responsibilities stratified by relative time spent on each function via consensus.

Evaluation of 4Ts score inter-rater agreement in patients undergoing evaluation for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.

The American Society of Hematology and American College of Chest Physicians heparin-induced thrombocytopenia guidelines recommend calculation of a pretest probability score prior to performing laboratory testing, and the 4Ts score is commonly used. Inter-rater agreement of the 4Ts score has been evaluated, but limited data are available regarding the reliability of the 4Ts score when performed by nonexpert clinicians. The purpose of this study was to Compare 4Ts scores calculated by medical teams to an expert.

Ultrasound-assisted catheter-directed thrombolysis versus systemic anticoagulation alone for submassive pulmonary embolism.

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality in the United States. Catheter-directed, ultrasound-assisted thrombolysis (USAT) uses high-frequency, low-energy ultrasound waves to disaggregate uncrosslinked fibrin fibers and increase thrombus penetration of a locally delivered thrombolytic to treat an acute PE. The purpose of this study is to compare the efficacy and safety of catheter-directed USAT versus systemic anticoagulation alone in submassive PE.

Aspirin for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: A Review of the Literature and Considerations for Clinical Practice.

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death globally, and deaths due to coronary heart disease or stroke account for over half of all cardiovascular deaths in the United States. While many important advances have been made in the treatment and secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), morbidity and mortality remain high. Aspirin has been commonly used for the primary and secondary prevention of ASCVD for decades and is an easily accessible therapeutic option.

Frequency and clinical outcomes of CYP2C19 genotype-guided escalation and de-escalation of antiplatelet therapy in a real-world clinical setting.

Purpose: To evaluate the frequency and clinical impact of switches in antiplatelet therapy following implementation of CYP2C19 genotyping after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods: The frequency of escalation (clopidogrel switched to prasugrel/ticagrelor) and de-escalation (prasugrel/ticagrelor switched to clopidogrel) was evaluated in 1063 PCI patients who underwent CYP2C19 genotyping. Risk of major adverse cardiovascular or cerebrovascular (MACCE) and bleeding events over one year was evaluated.

Clinical Outcomes and Sustainability of Using Genotype-Guided Antiplatelet Therapy After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

Background: loss-of-function (LOF) alleles impair clopidogrel effectiveness after percutaneous coronary intervention. The feasibility, sustainability, and clinical impact of using genotype-guided dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) selection in practice remains unclear.

Methods: A single-center observational study was conducted in 1193 patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention and received DAPT after implementation of an algorithm that recommends testing in high-risk patients and alternative DAPT (prasugrel or ticagrelor) in LOF allele carriers.

Continuous Care Provided Through Comprehensive Medication Management in an Acute Care Practice Model.

Background: Pharmacy practice models that foster pharmacists' accountability for medication-related outcomes are imperative for the profession. Comprehensive medication management (CMM) is an opportunity to advance patient care.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of a CMM practice model in the acute care setting on organizational, patient, and financial outcomes.

From Pilot to Practice: A Trainee-Integrated Pharmacy Practice Model in Cardiology.

Objectives: Problems related to medication use portend poor outcomes, but resources for expanding clinical pharmacy services are limited. We conducted a pilot study in the area of cardiology to determine the impact and feasibility of a trainee-integrated pharmacy practice (TIPP) model comprised of pharmacy residents and a clinical pharmacist.

Methods: Coverage of 2 acute care and 1 intensive care team was distributed among 1 clinical pharmacist and 3 pharmacy residents.

Safety of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs in patients with cardiovascular disease.

Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used in the management of a variety of conditions, but their prevalence is likely underreported as a result of widespread availability and the perception that nonprescription therapies are unnecessary to report during medication history taking. However, NSAIDs are associated with a number of adverse effects, especially in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Patients with CVD and comorbidities for which NSAIDs may provide symptomatic relief (e.

Implementation and evaluation of a CYP2C19 genotype-guided antiplatelet therapy algorithm in high-risk coronary artery disease patients.

Aim: An algorithm that uses clinical factors and CYP2C19 genotype to guide P2Y12 inhibitor selection in high-risk patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention was implemented at our institution. We sought to evaluate use of this algorithm and identify which factors influenced P2Y12 inhibitor selection.

Patients & Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 264 patients receiving percutaneous coronary intervention from July-December 2012.

Acute decompensated heart failure: evolving literature and implications for future practice.

Acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality, and represents a considerable financial burden to society. Historically, few prospective, randomized, double-blinded trials have investigated the optimal management of ADHF, and most guideline recommendations are based primarily on expert opinion. However, in the last decade, a considerable amount of research has added to the understanding of the management of ADHF in both patients with fluid overload and low cardiac output.