Multigene Copy Number Alteration Risk Score Biomarker-Based Enrichment Study Designs in Metastatic Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer.

Purpose: A composite multigene risk score derived from tumor-biology alterations specific to metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) state was evaluated as a classifier to design biomarker-based enrichment clinical trials.

Methods: A plasma cell-free DNA copy number alteration risk score based on alterations in 24 genes was simulated to develop a biomarker classifier-based clinical trial design enriched for high-risk patients to detect a survival advantage of a novel treatment (hazard ratio of 0.70 with 80% power).

Augmenting Prognostication: Utilizing Activity Trackers to Enhance Survival Prediction in Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Introduction/background: Prognostication by performance status (PS) assessment is a fundamental element of treatment decisions and clinical trial design in oncology, but it is limited by subjectivity and potential miscommunication between patient, physician, and family. Activity tracker offers the potential to collect a broad range of patient-generated data to supplement the assessment of PS.

Patients And Methods: Patients with metastatic NSCLC (mNSCLC) participated in a single institute, prospective, observational feasibility study conducted at Huntsman Cancer Institute.

Reducing UVR Exposure in Pregnant Women and Infants: A Pilot Study.

Sun protection during pregnancy is critical for both maternal and infant skin cancer prevention, yet gaps remain in addressing this behavior in pre and postnatal settings. This pilot study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a peer-led intervention for expectant mothers' sun protection behaviors for themselves and their newborns and examine the preliminary effects on mothers' skin cancer knowledge, attitudes, and sun protection behaviors for themselves and their infants. Expectant mothers were recruited from medical clinics and community settings and were asked to complete surveys and interviews.

Reach and Engagement With Population Health Management Interventions to Address COVID-19 Among Safety-Net Health Care Systems.

Interventions designed to address COVID-19 needed to be rapidly scaled up to the population level, and to address health equity by reaching historically marginalized populations most affected by the pandemic (e.g., racial/ethnic minorities and rural and low socioeconomic status populations).

Measuring Greenspace in Rural Areas for Studies of Birth Outcomes: A Comparison of Street View Data and Satellite Data.

Using street view data, in replace of remotely sensed (RS) data, to study the health impact of greenspace has become popular. However, direct comparisons of these two methods of measuring greenspace are still limited, and their findings are inconsistent. On the other hand, almost all studies of greenspace focus on urban areas.

SCALE-UP II: protocol for a pragmatic randomised trial examining population health management interventions to increase the uptake of at-home COVID-19 testing in community health centres.

Introduction: SCALE-UP II aims to investigate the effectiveness of population health management interventions using text messaging (TM), chatbots and patient navigation (PN) in increasing the uptake of at-home COVID-19 testing among patients in historically marginalised communities, specifically, those receiving care at community health centres (CHCs).

Methods And Analysis: The trial is a multisite, randomised pragmatic clinical trial. Eligible patients are >18 years old with a primary care visit in the last 3 years at one of the participating CHCs.

Urban relatives ameliorate survival disparities for genitourinary cancer in rural patients.

Introduction: Patients living in rural areas have worse cancer-specific outcomes. This study examines the effect of family-based social capital on genitourinary cancer survival. We hypothesized that rural patients with urban relatives have improved survival relative to rural patients without urban family.

Greenspace and Land Cover Diversity During Pregnancy in a Rural Region, and Associations With Birth Outcomes.

Beneficial effects on health outcomes have been observed from exposure to spaces with substantial green vegetation ("greenspace"). This includes studies of greenspace exposure on birth outcomes; however, these have been conducted largely in urban regions. We characterized residential exposure to greenspace and land cover diversity during pregnancy in rural northern New England, USA, investigating whether variation in greenspace or diversity related to newborn outcomes.

Preliminary effects of a rural skin cancer prevention intervention for youths.

Objectives: To pilot and assess the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects of the Rural Adult and Youth Sun (RAYS) protection program, a multilevel skin cancer preventive intervention for young children living in rural U.S. communities, delivered through community-organized team sports.

Low-Value Prostate Cancer Screening Among Young Men With Private Insurance.

Introduction: No professional society guidelines recommend PSA screening in men younger than age 40; however, data suggest testing occurs at meaningful rates in this age group. The purpose of this study was to identify the rate of PSA testing in men under 40.

Methods: This is a population-based, retrospective cohort study from 2008 to 2017.

Rematching on-the-fly: Sequential matched randomization and a case for covariate-adjusted randomization.

Covariate-adjusted randomization (CAR) can reduce the risk of covariate imbalance and, when accounted for in analysis, increase the power of a trial. Despite CAR advances, stratified randomization remains the most common CAR method. Matched randomization (MR) randomizes treatment assignment within optimally identified matched pairs based on covariates and a distance matrix.

Preliminary Reach of an Information Technology Approach to Support COVID-19 Testing in Schools.

Objectives: SCALE-UP Counts tests population health management interventions to promote coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) testing in kindergarten through 12th-grade schools that serve populations that have been historically marginalized.

Methods: Within 6 participating schools, we identified 3506 unique parents/guardians who served as the primary contact for at least 1 student. Participants were randomized to text messaging (TM), text messaging + health navigation (HN) (TM + HN), or usual care.

Objectively-Assessed Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure and Sunburn Occurrence.

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure is the primary modifiable risk factor for melanoma. Wearable UVR sensors provide a means of quantifying UVR exposure objectively and with a lower burden than self-report measures used in most research. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between detected UVR exposure and reported sunburn occurrence.

Secondary malignancies in non-Hodgkin lymphoma survivors: 40 years of follow-up assessed by treatment modality.

Background: Survivors of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) have increased secondary malignancy (SM) risk. We quantified this risk by patient and treatment factors.

Methods: Standardized incidence ratios (SIR, observed-to-expected [O/E] ratio) were assessed in 142,637 NHL patients diagnosed from 1975 to 2016 in the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program.

Larval flushing alters malaria endemicity patterns in regions with similar habitat abundance.

A model of populations dynamics coupled with transmission dynamics is extended to include mechanisms of larval flushing which are known to occur. Flushing dynamics are modeled using a simulation that incorporates seasonal, autocorrelated, and random components based on 30 years of rainfall data for the Kakamega District of the western Kenya highlands. The model demonstrates that flushing phenomena can account for differences between regions with the same annual larval habitat pattern, changing the World Health Organization endemicity classification from either hyperendemic or holoendemic to hypoendemic disease patterns.

Second Primary Malignancies in Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma Survivors with 40 Years of Follow Up: Influence of Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy.

Purpose: Previous studies have shown an increased risk of second primary malignancies (SPMs) in survivors of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Survivors live longer due to the intensification of and improvements in therapy; thus, we aimed to characterize SPM patterns in patients with DLBCL by treatment modality.

Methods And Materials: Standardized incidence ratio and absolute excess risk of SPMs were assessed in patients with primary DLBCL from 1975 to 2016 in the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program.

Comprehensive Genomic Profiling of Cell-Free DNA in Men With Advanced Prostate Cancer: Differences in Genomic Landscape Based on Race.

Advanced prostate cancer (aPC) in Black men was reported to present with aggressive features and to be associated with poor prognosis. Herein, we compared the cell-free DNA (cfDNA) genomic landscape of aPC in Black vs White men. Patients (pts) with aPC from 6 academic institutions and available cfDNA comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) were included.

Factors influencing engagement in hospital-based exercise oncology programs: A narrative review.

Among cancer survivors, there are numerous health benefits of exercise engagement; however, less than 15% of survivors meet current aerobic and strength physical activity guidelines. Exercise programs provided by a cancer hospital are commonly noted as a facilitator and preference to exercise engagement. The study aimed to review the evidence and describe the barriers, facilitators, preferences, and factors associated with cancer survivors' engagement in hospital-based exercise oncology programs.

Outdoor activities and sunburn among urban and rural families in a Western region of the US: Implications for skin cancer prevention.

Prevention of skin cancer involves decreasing exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and avoiding sunburn, especially early in life. Individuals living in urban versus rural areas, as defined by the Rural Urban Commuting Area (RUCA) code classification, have different risks for skin cancer, likely due to differing patterns of outdoor activities and preventive behaviors employed when outdoors. However, few studies have examined differences in outdoor activities between rural and urban individuals and examined this among both adults and children.

A Real-World Analysis of the Use of Systemic Therapy in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma and the Differential Impacts on Overall Survival by Practice Pattern.

Introduction: Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive malignancy that affects older adults with frequent comorbidities, making real-world treatment decisions challenging. This study compares the overall survival (OS) of patients with MPM by physician's choice of first-line (1L) platinum chemotherapy (PC), second-line (2L) immunotherapy versus chemotherapy, and by receipt of maintenance therapy (MT).

Methods: The study included patients diagnosed with advanced MPM in the Flatiron Health electronic health record-derived database who initiated PC with pemetrexed in the 1L setting between 2011 and 2019.

The association between time-of-day of habitual exercise training and changes in relevant cancer health outcomes among cancer survivors.

Objective: To assess the relationship between time-of-day of exercise training and changes in relevant cancer health outcomes among cancer survivors.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of data collected from 2016-2019 from a hospital-based exercise oncology program. Descriptive statistics were calculated for demographic, clinical, and exercise timing characteristics (e.