American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Review of Body Composition.

Although the body mass index (BMI) has been used as a measure of obesity for decades, it is now possible to measure adiposity more directly with technologies that can quantitate body fat and other tissues. The purpose of this review is to understand body composition, describe the different ways to measure it, review changes in body composition after metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS), and provide guidance on how providers can introduce measurements of body composition into their everyday practice.

American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery review of the body mass index.

The body mass index was first described almost 200 years ago and has since been used as a measure of obesity. This review describes the history, advantages, disadvantages, and alternatives to the body mass index in the care of the metabolic and bariatric surgical patient.

Skeletal effects of sleeve gastrectomy, by sex and menopausal status and compared to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery.

Context: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) has deleterious effects on bone mass, microarchitecture, and strength. The skeletal effects of sleeve gastrectomy (SG), now the most commonly performed bariatric surgical procedure, are incompletely understood.

Objective: We examined changes in bone turnover, areal and volumetric bone mineral density (aBMD, vBMD), and appendicular bone microarchitecture and estimated strength after SG.

American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery literature review on risk factors, screening recommendations, and prophylaxis for marginal ulcers after metabolic and bariatric surgery.

Background: Marginal ulcers (MU) are a significant postoperative complication following anastomotic metabolic and bariatric surgeries including Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), one-anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB), and biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (BPD/DS). This review summarizes current knowledge on MU risk factors, screening, and prophylactic strategies.

Objectives: The goal of this review is to examine technical and patient-related risk factors for MU, assess screening strategies, and recommend prophylactic approaches to reduce MU incidence after anastomotic metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS).

ASMBS literature review on the treatment of marginal ulcers after metabolic and bariatric surgery.

Marginal ulcers (MUs) encompass a group of mucosal disruptions and subsequent inflammatory changes and their sequala found after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) oneanastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB), and, less commonly, after biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (BPD/DS) or single anastomosis duodeno-ileostomy with sleeve gastrectomy (SADI-S). Prevalence of MU after RYGB ranges from .6%-16%.

A geometrically scalable method for manufacturing high quality factor mechanical resonators.

We present what we believe to be a novel, geometrically scalable manufacturing method for creating compact, low-resonance frequency, and high quality factor fused silica resonators. These resonators are intended to be used in inertial sensors for measuring external disturbances of sensitive physics experiments. The novel method uses direct bonding and chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) in order to overcome the limitations of current subtractive manufacturing methods, which face prohibitive cost and complexity as material removal increases, inherently restricting the design flexibility of the resonator.

Sexual and Urinary Health among Women following Bariatric Surgery.

Purpose: Women with obesity are more likely to experience bothersome urinary and sexual symptoms, but the long-term effect of metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) on these outcomes is poorly understood. We aimed to describe how MBS longitudinally impacted women's urinary and sexual health.

Methods: Patients who underwent MBS at the University of California, San Francisco Medical Center (UCSF) between 2009 and 2021 participated in a survey examining sexual health, pelvic organ prolapse (POP), and urinary health using three validated questionnaires: a modified version of the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), the Pelvic Organ Prolapse Distress Inventory 6 (POPDI-6), and the Urinary Distress Inventory 6 (UDI-6).

Compact inertial sensors for measuring external disturbances of physics experiments.

Compact, high-precision inertial sensors are needed in the control schemes of many modern physics experiments to isolate them from disturbances caused by seismic motion. We present an inertial sensor whose mechanical oscillator fits on a one-inch diameter optic. The oscillators achieve a mechanical Quality factor of a fundamental oscillation mode of 600,000 and a resonance frequency of 50 Hz, giving them a suspension thermal noise floor lower than all commercially available inertial sensors.

Skeletal effects of sleeve gastrectomy, by sex and menopausal status and in comparison to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery.

Context: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) has deleterious effects on bone mass, microarchitecture, and strength. Data are lacking on the skeletal effects of sleeve gastrectomy (SG), now the most commonly performed bariatric surgical procedure.

Objective: We examined changes in bone turnover, areal and volumetric bone mineral density (aBMD, vBMD), and appendicular bone microarchitecture and estimated strength after SG.

Robotic repair of moderate-sized midline ventral hernias reduced complications, readmissions, and length of hospitalization compared to open techniques.

Purpose: To compare outcomes of robotic and open repair for uncomplicated, moderate-sized, midline ventral hernias.

Methods: From 2017 to 2021, patient characteristics and 30 day outcomes for all ventral hernias at our center were prospectively collected. We studied hernias potentially suitable for robotic repair: elective, midline, 3-10 cm rectus separation, no prior mesh, and no need for concomitant procedure.

Alteration in the gut microbiome is associated with changes in bone metabolism after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.

Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), the most common bariatric surgical procedure, leads to durable weight loss and improves obesity-related comorbidities. However, it induces abnormalities in bone metabolism. One unexplored potential contributor is the gut microbiome, which influences bone metabolism and is altered after surgery.

American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery position statement on one-anastomosis gastric bypass.

The following position statement is issued by the American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery in response to inquiries made to the society by patients, physicians, society members, hospitals, health insurance payors, and others regarding one-anastomosis gastric bypass as a treatment for obesity and metabolic disease. This statement is based on current clinical knowledge, expert opinion, and published peer-reviewed scientific evidence available at this time. The statement may be revised in the future as more information becomes available.

ASMBS statement on metabolic and bariatric surgery for beneficiaries of Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services with a review of the literature.

This position statement is issued by the American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric. Surgery in response to inquiries made to the Society by patients, physicians, Society members, hospitals, health insurance payors, the media, and others regarding the access and outcomes of metabolic and bariatric surgery for beneficiaries of Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. This position statement is based on current clinical knowledge, expert opinion, and published peer-reviewed scientific evidence available at this time.

Incidence and Bayesian Mapping of Myeloid Hematologic Malignancies in Sardinia, Italy.

Background: The epidemiology of myeloid hematologic malignancies in Italy has been poorly investigated.

Methods: We used a validated database of 1974-2003 incident cases of hematologic malignancies among the resident population (all ages) of Sardinia, Italy, to describe the incidence of myeloid malignancies overall (N = 4389 cases) and by subtype. We investigated the time trend of acute myeloid leukemia (N = 1227 cases), chronic myeloid leukemia (N = 613 cases), and myelodysplastic syndrome (N = 1296 cases), and used Bayesian methods to explore their geographic spread, and Poisson regression analysis to estimate their association with environmental and socio-economic factors.

Results of the European Society of Toxicologic Pathology Survey on the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Toxicologic Pathology.

The European Society of Toxicologic Pathology (ESTP) initiated a survey through its Pathology 2.0 workstream in partnership with sister professional societies in Europe and North America to generate a snapshot of artificial intelligence (AI) usage in the field of toxicologic pathology. In addition to demographic information, some general questions explored AI relative to (1) the current status of adoption across organizations; (2) technical and methodological aspects; (3) perceived business value and finally; and (4) roadblocks and perspectives.

American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery literature review on the effect of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass limb lengths on outcomes.

This literature review is issued by the American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery regarding limb lengths in Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and their effect on metabolic and bariatric outcomes. Limbs in RYGB consist of the alimentary and biliopancreatic limbs and the common channel. Variation of limb lengths in primary RYGB and as a revisional option for weight recurrence after RYGB are described in this review.

Cerebral enhancement in MOG antibody-associated disease.

Introduction: Limited data exist on brain MRI enhancement in myelin-oligodendrocyte-glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) and differences from aquaporin-4-IgG-positive-neuromyelitis-optica-spectrum-disorder (AQP4+NMOSD), and multiple sclerosis (MS).

Methods: In this retrospective observational study, we identified 122 Mayo Clinic MOGAD patients (1 January 1996-1 July 2020) with cerebral attacks. We explored enhancement patterns using a discovery set (n=41).

Retinal Vasculopathy With Cerebral Leukoencephalopathy and Systemic Manifestations: Critical Role of Retina Specialists.

Purpose: To describe a case of retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukoencephalopathy and systemic manifestations (RVCL-S) to enhance early recognition of this often-missed diagnosis.

Methods: A case report is presented.

Results: A 50-year-old woman with a history of Raynaud phenomenon, memory difficulties, and a family history of strokes was referred for evaluation of a bilateral, small-vessel, occlusive disease refractory to immunosuppressive therapy.

Pregnancy Conceptualizations in Women Who Have Had Recent Bariatric Surgery.

To describe bariatric surgery patients' perioperative conceptualizations about pregnancy. We performed a secondary analysis of a cross-sectional study performed in 2016, evaluating a nationally recruited convenience sample of U.S.