Antibiotic Use and Subsequent Cognitive Decline and Dementia Risk in Healthy Older Adults.

Background And Objectives: Antibiotics rapidly reduce intestinal bacterial diversity, leading to dysbiosis that persists for months to years. Although emerging evidence from retrospective and claims-based studies has linked dysbiosis to cognitive function, prospective data are lacking. We aim to examine the prospective association of antibiotics with cognitive aging among initially healthy older adults.

Daily low-dose aspirin and blood pressure in community-dwelling older adults.

High-quality randomized trial evidence is lacking on whether low-dose aspirin exerts significant effects on blood pressure (BP) in older adults. The authors assessed longitudinal BP changes in participants enrolled in ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly (ASPREE), a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of 100 mg daily aspirin in 19 114 community-dwelling Australian and U.S.

Short- and long-term impact of aspirin cessation in older adults: a target trial emulation.

Background: The net benefit of aspirin cessation in older adults remains uncertain. This study aimed to use observational data to emulate a randomized trial of aspirin cessation versus continuation in older adults without cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Methods: Post hoc analysis using a target trial emulation framework applied to the immediate post-trial period (2017-2021) of a study of low-dose aspirin initiation in adults aged ≥ 70 years (ASPREE; NCT01038583).

Expanded statistical analysis plan for legacy and long-term effects of aspirin in the ASPREE-XT observational follow-up study of participants in the ASPREE randomized trial.

The ASPREE randomized controlled trial (2010-2017) of 19,114 community-dwelling older adults without cardiovascular disease and significant disability compared daily 100mg aspirin to placebo. A total of 16,317 (93%) of 17,546 surviving and non-withdrawn participants agreed to continue regular study follow-up visits in the post-trial phase, named ASPREE-XT (2017-2024). We present a statistical analysis plan to underpin three main papers to report aspirin effects through to the fourth post-trial ASPREE-XT study visit with focus areas of: (1) death, dementia, and disability, (2) CVD events and bleeding, and (3) cancer.

Association of Proton Pump Inhibitor Use With Incident Dementia and Cognitive Decline in Older Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Background & Aims: Prior studies have suggested that proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use is associated with increased risk of dementia; however, these have been limited by incomplete assessment of medication use and failure to account for confounders. Furthermore, prior studies have relied on claims-based diagnoses for dementia, which can lead to misclassification. We investigated the associations of PPI and histamine-2 receptor antagonist (H2RA) use with dementia and cognitive decline.

Health Characteristics and Aspirin Use in Participants at the Baseline of the ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly - eXTension (ASPREE-XT) Observational Study.

Background: Aspirin as a primary preventative in healthy older adults did not prolong disability-free survival in the ASPREE randomized trial. Observational studies following randomized trials allow assessment of benefits and harms which may not appear during the trial. We describe health characteristics, physical function, and aspirin use in the ASPREE-eXTension (ASPREE-XT) observational study cohort.

Association of metformin, aspirin, and cancer incidence with mortality risk in adults with diabetes.

Background: Metformin and aspirin are commonly co-prescribed to people with diabetes. Metformin may prevent cancer, but in older people (over 70 years), aspirin has been found to increase cancer mortality. This study examined whether metformin reduces cancer mortality and incidence in older people with diabetes; it used randomization to 100 mg aspirin or placebo in the ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly (ASPREE) trial to quantify aspirin's impact on metformin users.

How does the onset of physical disability or dementia in older adults affect economic wellbeing and co-payments for health care? the impact of gender.

Background: Existing studies have illustrated how the onset of physical disability or dementia negatively impacts economic wellbeing and increases out of pocket costs. However, little is known about this relationship in older individuals. Consequently, this study aimed to identify how the onset of physical disability or dementia in older adults affects economic wellbeing and out of pocket costs, and to explore the impact of gender in the context of Australia.

Psychometric validation of diabetes distress scale in Bangladeshi population.

Diabetes Distress (DD)-an emotional or affective state arise from challenge of living with diabetes and the burden of self-care-negatively impact diabetes management and quality of life of T2DM patients. Early detection and management of DD is key to efficient T2DM management. The study aimed at developing a valid and reliable instrument for Bangladeshi patients as unavailability such a tool posing challenge in diabetes care.

The impact of a mine fire and smoke event on academic outcomes for primary and secondary school students.

Objective: This study explored how exposure to a mine fire and smoke event influenced students' academic outcomes.

Method: The academic results for 303 students (aged 7.8-16.

Anticholinergic medication burden and cognitive function in participants of the ASPREE study.

Study Objective: What is the association between anticholinergic burden and specific domains of cognitive function in older adults who are initially without major cognitive impairment?

Design: Post-hoc analysis of longitudinal observational data from the ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly (ASPREE) study.

Patients: 19,114 participants from Australia and the United States aged 70 years and older (65 years and older for US minorities) were recruited and followed for a median of 4.7 years.

Long-term impact of exposure to coalmine fire emitted PM on emergency ambulance attendances.

Background: Little is known about the long-term health effects of coalmine fire smoke exposure. The 2014 Hazelwood coalmine fire event in southeast Australia released smoke into surrounding areas for 6 weeks.

Objectives: We aimed to investigate whether individual-level exposure to coalmine fire-related PM was associated with a long-term increase in ambulance attendances following a coalmine fire event.

Associations between self-reported respiratory symptoms and non-specific psychological distress following exposure to a prolonged landscape fire.

We investigated the association between respiratory symptoms and psychological distress in the context of a prolonged smoke event, and evaluated whether smoke exposure, or pre-existing respiratory and mental health conditions, influenced the association. Three thousand ninety-six residents of a rural town heavily exposed to smoke from the 6-week Hazelwood coal mine fire, and 960 residents of a nearby unexposed town, completed Kessler's psychological distress questionnaire (K10) and a modified European Community Respiratory Health Survey. Logistic regression models evaluated associations between distress and respiratory symptoms, with interactions fitted to evaluate effect modification.

Long-term impact of coal mine fire smoke on lung mechanics in exposed adults.

Background And Objective: In 2014, a 6-week-long fire at the Hazelwood coal mine exposed residents in the adjacent town of Morwell to high concentrations of fine particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 μm (PM ). The long-term health consequences are being evaluated as part of the Hazelwood Health Study.

A Cohort Study of Anticholinergic Medication Burden and Incident Dementia and Stroke in Older Adults.

Background: Anticholinergic medications may increase risk of dementia and stroke, but prospective studies in healthy older people are lacking.

Objective: Compare risk of incident dementia and stroke by anticholinergic burden among initially healthy older people.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Gender differences in barriers to participation in after-school physical activities and related factors in Australian schoolchildren: A cross-sectional study.

Introduction: This study investigated the gender differences in reported barriers to participation in after-school physical activity (PA) and related health and socio-behavioural factors in Australian schoolchildren.

Methods: 5001 students aged 10 to 16 years completed the health and well-being survey in 2014 indicating that they would like to participate in after-school PA. Negative binomial regression models, stratified by gender, tested the relationship of age, reported health, junk food, participation in leisure PA, TV watching, weight status and socio-economic index for area score (related factors) with the total number of barriers.

Prescription Medication Use in Older Adults Without Major Cardiovascular Disease Enrolled in the Aspirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly (ASPREE) Clinical Trial.

Background: Efforts to minimize medication risks among older adults include avoidance of potentially inappropriate medications. Contemporary analysis of medication use in community-dwelling older people compared with the general population is lacking.

Participants: A total of 19,114 community-dwelling adults in Australia and the United States aged 70 years or older (65 years or older for U.

The factors associated with distress following exposure to smoke from an extended coal mine fire.

In February 2014, the coalmine adjacent to the Hazelwood Power Station in the Latrobe Valley of Victoria, Australia, caught fire, with residents from the nearby town of Morwell and the wider area exposed to smoke for six weeks. Although there was evidence linking the mine-fire event with psychological distress, no studies have evaluated the degree of distress in relation to the level of smoke exposure. We aimed to investigate the exposure-response relationship between particulate matter 2.

The association between neighbourhood walkability and after-school physical activity in Australian schoolchildren.

Introduction: Physical inactivity is a risk factor for many noncommunicable diseases. As reported by the World Health Organisation, 81% of children worldwide are physically inactive. Environmental factors, such as neighbourhood walkability, can shape people's physical activity (PA) behaviour.

High-Level Mobility Assessment Tool Normative Values for Children.

Background: Physical therapists need to be able to evaluate high-level gross motor skills of children to determine their capacity to engage in activities such as running, jumping, hopping, and stair climbing. The High-Level Mobility Assessment Tool (HiMAT) has excellent interrater and retest reliability and is less susceptible to a ceiling effect than existing mobility scales in children who are 6 to 17 years old and have traumatic brain injury.

Objective: The purposes of this study were to develop normative HiMAT score ranges for Australian children and to investigate the relationship between children's HiMAT scores and their age, height, weight, and body mass index (BMI).

Near-fatal uterine hemorrhage during induction chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia: a case report of bilateral uterine artery embolization.

Severe transfusion-dependent uterine hemorrhage is a relatively uncommon complication of induction chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Even less common is the failure of systemic conjugated estrogens in this setting. We report a case of life-threatening uterine hemorrhage in a 38-year-old woman in the setting of transfusion-refractory thrombocytopenia after completing induction chemotherapy for AML.