Changes in Cognitive Function Following Bariatric Surgery: An Updated Systematic Review.

Since a previous systematic review published in 2016, there have been further studies investigating the association of changes in cognitive function following bariatric surgery. All studies since the original review that reported at least one element of cognitive function before and after bariatric surgery were eligible. A total of 137 additional studies were identified; 13 were included in addition to the 18 studies previously.

Benefits in routinely measured liver function tests following bariatric surgery: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Bariatric surgery is well-established to support long-term metabolic health benefits associated with considerable weight loss. Here, we aim to determine the longer-term impact of bariatric surgery on liver enzymes and associations with other metabolic improvements.

Methods: One hundred patients who underwent bariatric surgery between 2007 and 2014 were included, and changes in liver enzymes, anthropometric measures and other parameters were observed over a mean 9.

Temporal Effects of Bariatric Surgery on Adipokines, Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Subjects with Impaired Glucose Homeostasis at 4 Years of Follow-up.

Background: Previous studies have examined changes in plasma markers of inflammation and oxidative stress up to 24 months following bariatric surgery, but there is limited evidence on the long-term effects of bariatric surgery.

Objectives: To examine the effects of bariatric surgery on adipokines (adiponectin, leptin), inflammatory cytokines [C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10(IL-10)] and global plasma measures of oxidative stress [thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and total antioxidant status (TAOS) 1 and 6 months, and 4 years post-surgery in subjects with obesity and impaired glucose regulation.

Methods: A prospective study comprising of 19 participants (13 females, mean age 50.

Closure of mesenteric defects during Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol.

Introduction: Closure of mesenteric defects during laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) has not been fully established as standard operative practice. However, in recent years a body of evidence has emerged suggesting that non-closure of defects leads to increased rates of internal herniation and its potential consequences, including the need for reoperation, along with an associated morbidity and mortality risk. Within the emerging literature there has also been some evidence of a greater risk of 30-day complications in closure groups.

Cerebrospinal fluid diversion versus bariatric surgery in the management of idiopathic intracranial hypertension.

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a condition affecting predominantly young women with increased body mass index (BMI). Obesity with the related metabolic and biochemical complications are thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of the condition. The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety, outcomes and economic implications of two treatment options for IIH.

Temporal effects of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy on adipokines, inflammation, and oxidative stress in patients with impaired glucose homeostasis.

Background: Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for morbid obesity and metabolic dysfunction.

Objectives: The aim of this work was to examine the early temporal effects of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) on adipokines (adiponectin, leptin), inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, interleukin-10), and global plasma measures of oxidative stress (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and total antioxidant status) in a sample of 55 participants preoperatively, and 1 and 6 months postoperatively. The focus was on a sample of patients with impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes, which is associated with increased low-grade systemic inflammation and oxidative stress.

The influence of attachment orientation on weight loss, eating behaviour and other health outcomes among patients undergoing bariatric surgery: A scoping review.

Attachment orientation is a psychological factor concerning our expectations of ourselves and others in interpersonal relationships. An emerging literature has suggested that attachment orientation may influence a range of outcomes associated with bariatric surgery. The purpose of this scoping review was to map the literature and examine the role of attachment orientation in the context of bariatric surgery.

Educating physicians in seventeenth-century England - ADDENDUM.

The tension between theoretical and practical knowledge was particularly problematic for trainee physicians. Unlike civic apprenticeships in surgery and pharmacy, in early modern England there was no standard procedure for obtaining education in the practical aspects of the physician's role, a very uncertain process of certification, and little regulation to ensure a suitable reward for their educational investment. For all the emphasis on academic learning and international travel, the majority of provincial physicians returned to practice in their home area, because establishing a practice owed more to networks of kinship, patronage and credit than to formal qualifications.

Effect of Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy on Static and Dynamic Measures of Glucose Homeostasis and Incretin Hormone Response 4-Years Post-Operatively.

Introduction: There is limited literature available on the long-term effect of bariatric surgery especially laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) on the incretin hormone response.

Aim: Our primary aim was to investigate changes in glucose metabolism and incretin hormone responses in participants with impaired glucose regulation approximately 4 years after LSG. The secondary aim was to examine the long-term incretin hormone changes of biliopancreatic diversion (BPD).

John Houghton and Medical Practice in London c. 1700.

This article considers the evidence for medical practice in London c. 1700 provided by A Collection for the Improvement of Husbandry and Trade (1692-1703) by the apothecary and Fellow of the Royal Society, John Houghton (1645-1705). Houghton discusses how products are used medicinally, as well as the necessary qualifications for a physician, and reports his own experiments and health experiences.

The 'Compleat Physician' and Experimentation in Medicines: Everard Maynwaring (c.1629-1713) and the Restoration Debate on Medical Practice in London.

Restoration London saw a wave of publications by physicians advocating that the 'compleat physician' should be one who experimented and produced his own medicines. Only thus, they argued, could the medical hierarchy be restored and medical authority re-established on a defensible basis. This article seeks to explain the context for this unusual approach, and why it failed to attract mainstream physicians by the end of the century, by considering the sixty-year career of one of its leading advocates, Everard Maynwaring (c.

Temporal changes in plasma markers of oxidative stress following laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in subjects with impaired glucose regulation.

Background: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is an effective treatment for obesity and associated metabolic complications. Obesity and type 2 diabetes are associated with increased oxidative stress. Previous studies have examined changes in plasma oxidative stress after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, but there is limited evidence of the effects of LSG.

Temporal Effect of Bariatric Surgery on Predicted 10-Year and Lifetime Cardiovascular Risk at 1 Month, 6 Months, and 5 Years Following Surgery: A Pilot Study.

Background And Aims: Cardiovascular (CV) risk equations are routinely used to predict risk in nonbariatric populations, but have not been studied in depth in patients undergoing bariatric surgery and specifically those with impaired glucose regulation. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate changes in the 10-year and lifetime predicted CV risk in subjects with impaired glucose regulation before, 1 month, 6 months, and 5 years after bariatric surgery.

Method And Results: A nonrandomized prospective study was conducted of 45 participants with impaired glucose regulation undergoing temporal assessments during follow-up.

Changes in Cognitive Function Following Bariatric Surgery: a Systematic Review.

Increased body mass is directly associated with reduced cognitive function. The aim of this study was to systematically review the effect of bariatric weight loss surgery on cognitive function. A comprehensive and unrestricted literature search was conducted using the following databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences, and the Cochrane Library.

Bariatric surgery as a treatment for idiopathic intracranial hypertension: a systematic review.

Background: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a chronic neurologic disease that may result in persistent and debilitating symptoms that are refractory to conventional treatments.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to systematically review the effect of bariatric weight reduction surgery as a treatment for IIH.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using the following databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences, and the Cochrane Library.

Association between the preoperative fasting and postprandial C-peptide AUC with resolution of type 2 diabetes 6 months following bariatric surgery.

Background And Aims: Bariatric surgery results in the remission of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in morbidly obese subjects. The aim of the study was to investigate the predictive value of both static and dynamic measures of C-peptide in relation to T2DM resolution 6 months after bariatric surgery regardless of the operation type.

Methods And Results: A non-randomized prospective study of 24 participants with T2DM undergoing bariatric surgery.

Changes in plasma levels of N-arachidonoyl ethanolamine and N-palmitoylethanolamine following bariatric surgery in morbidly obese females with impaired glucose homeostasis.

Aim: We examined endocannabinoids (ECs) in relation to bariatric surgery and the association between plasma ECs and markers of insulin resistance.

Methods: A study of 20 participants undergoing bariatric surgery. Fasting and 2-hour plasma glucose, lipids, insulin, and C-peptide were recorded preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively with plasma ECs (AEA, 2-AG) and endocannabinoid-related lipids (PEA, OEA).

Snapshots in surgery: small bowel intussusception following ileojejunal bypass.

Jejunal intussusception is a known complication of ileojejunal bypass surgery for obesity that may present as an acute abdomen. It can be avoided if the jejunum is anchored to the transverse mesocolon intra-operatively.

Changes in inflammatory markers after sleeve gastrectomy in patients with impaired glucose homeostasis and type 2 diabetes.

Background: Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for morbid obesity. Obesity and type 2 diabetes are associated with chronic inflammation. There is lack of data examining the effects of sleeve gastrectomy (SG) on inflammatory biomarkers.

Temporal changes in glucose homeostasis and incretin hormone response at 1 and 6 months after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.

Background: Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for morbid obesity. Current literature reports significant improvements in glucose homeostasis after malabsorptive surgery. There is limited evidence on the effects of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (SG) on glucose-insulin homeostasis and postoperative incretin hormone response.

Does bariatric surgery adversely impact on diabetic retinopathy in persons with morbid obesity and type 2 diabetes? A pilot study.

Aims: To assess the incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR) 12 months post bariatric surgery in persons with morbid obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Methods: A retrospective pilot analysis of electronic hospital records between 1998 and 2012.

Results: 40 of 148 subjects had pre- and post-surgery DR screening.

Lung injury prediction score for the emergency department: first step towards prevention in patients at risk.

Background: Early identification of patients at risk of developing acute lung injury (ALI) is critical for potential preventive strategies. We aimed to derive and validate an acute lung injury prediction score (EDLIPS) in a multicenter sample of emergency department (ED) patients.

Methods: We performed a subgroup analysis of 4,361 ED patients enrolled in the previously reported multicenter observational study.

Towards prevention of acute lung injury: frequency and outcomes of emergency department patients at-risk - a multicenter cohort study.

Background: Few emergency department (ED) evaluations on acute lung injury (ALI) have been carried out; hence, we sought to describe a cohort of hospitalized ED patients at risk for ALI development.

Methods: Patients presenting to the ED with at least one predisposing condition to ALI were included in this study, a subgroup analysis of a multicenter observational cohort study (USCIITG-LIPS 1). Patients who met ALI criteria within 6 h of initial ED assessment, received end-of-life care, or were readmitted during the study period were excluded.