Publications by authors named "Jonathan A Williams"

Osteoporosis disrupts the fine-tuned balance between bone formation and resorption, leading to reductions in bone quantity and quality and ultimately increasing fracture risk. Prevention and treatment of osteoporotic fractures is essential for reductions in mortality, morbidity, and the economic burden, particularly considering the aging global population. Extreme bone loss that mimics time-accelerated osteoporosis develops in the paralyzed limbs following complete spinal cord injury (SCI).

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Article Synopsis
  • Many animals have a second frequency filter for sound beyond just the eardrum, which is particularly interesting in the hearing mechanism of field crickets.
  • Researchers found that a "dividing membrane" linked to the tracheal branches plays a key role in filtering and transmitting sound, and it resembles the eardrum in thickness.
  • Advanced techniques like micro-computed tomography and laser vibrometry demonstrated that the sound vibrations detected by the eardrum are actually influenced by the coupling of this membrane, shedding light on the cricket's hearing and its potential applications in technology.
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Conventional osteogenic platforms utilize active growth factors to repair bone defects that are extensive in size, but they can adversely affect patient health. Here, an unconventional osteogenic platform is reported that functions by promoting capture of inactive osteogenic growth factor molecules to the site of cell growth for subsequent integrin-mediated activation, using a recombinant fragment of latent transforming growth factor beta-binding protein-1 (rLTBP1). It is shown that rLTBP1 binds to the growth-factor- and integrin-binding domains of fibronectin on poly(ethyl acrylate) surfaces, which immobilizes rLTBP1 and promotes the binding of latency associated peptide (LAP), within which inactive transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) is bound.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study aimed to analyze how spinal cord injuries (SCI) affect trabecular and cortical bone in young rats over time.
  • Eight-week-old male Wistar rats underwent SCI and were examined at various intervals (2, 6, 10, or 16 weeks) using multiple testing methods, revealing that bone responses were specific to injury location.
  • Results indicated significant early reductions in trabecular bone volume, with site-specific changes over time; overall, the findings showed that the alterations in bone structure were due to limited growth rather than just loss of bone.
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Objective: Characterise the spatiotemporal responses of trabecular and cortical bone to complete spinal cord injury (SCI) in the skeletally mature rat in the acute (4-week) period following injury.

Methods: The spinal cord of 5-month old male rats was transected at the T9 level. Outcome measures were assessed using micro-computed tomography, three-point bending and serum markers at 1-, 2-, and 4-weeks post-transection.

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Micro-Computed Tomography bone analysis is the gold standard method for assessing trabecular and cortical bone microarchitecture in small animal bones. This technique reports morphometric parameters as averages over selected volumes of interest (VOIs). This study proposes the introduction of an additional global 2D morphometric step into the analysis process, that provides a survey of the underlying morphometric variation present throughout both trabecular and cortical bone.

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