Evaluation of Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction with Serum Iohexol Concentration in Dogs with Acute Hemorrhagic Diarrhea Syndrome.

Histopathologic examination of intestinal biopsies from dogs with acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome (AHDS) reveals necrotizing enteritis and epithelial integrity loss. Serum iohexol measurement has been utilized to assess intestinal permeability. Our hypothesis is that dogs with AHDS have increased intestinal permeability, which is associated with the severity of clinical signs.

Unbiased serum metabolomic analysis in cats with naturally occurring chronic enteropathies before and after medical intervention.

Chronic enteropathies (CE) are common disorders in cats and the differentiation between the two main underlying diseases, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and low-grade intestinal T-cell lymphoma (LGITL), can be challenging. Characterization of the serum metabolome could provide further information on alterations of disease-associated metabolic pathways and may identify diagnostic or therapeutic targets. Unbiased metabolomics analysis of serum from 28 cats with CE (14 cats with IBD, 14 cats with LGITL) and 14 healthy controls identified 1,007 named metabolites, of which 129 were significantly different in cats with CE compared to healthy controls at baseline.

Reply to Piewbang et al. Domestic Cat Hepadnavirus Antigens in Lymphoma Tissues. Comment on "Beatty et al. Domestic Cat Hepadnavirus and Lymphoma. 2023, , 2294".

We are grateful to the authors for providing additional data to demonstrate the presence of domestic cat hepadnavirus in lymphoma tissues [...

Domestic Cat Hepadnavirus and Lymphoma.

We write to comment on Piewbang C et al [...

Serum and Fecal 3-Bromotyrosine Concentrations in Dogs with Chronic Inflammatory Enteropathy: Clinical Parameters and Histopathological Changes.

Chronic inflammatory enteropathies (CIEs) in dogs involve the infiltration of gastrointestinal tissue with inflammatory cells. This study aimed to assess the sensitivity of serum and fecal 3-bromotyrosine (3-BrY) concentrations in dogs with CIE. The difference in 3-BrY concentrations in dogs with different gastrointestinal (GI) pathological changes was also assessed.

Fecal Concentrations of Long-Chain Fatty Acids, Sterols, and Unconjugated Bile Acids in Cats with Chronic Enteropathy.

Chronic enteropathy (CE) in cats encompasses food-responsive enteropathy, chronic inflammatory enteropathy (or inflammatory bowel disease), and low-grade intestinal T-cell lymphoma. While alterations in the gut metabolome have been extensively studied in humans and dogs with gastrointestinal disorders, little is known about the specific metabolic profile of cats with CE. As lipids take part in energy storage, inflammation, and cellular structure, investigating the lipid profile in cats with CE is crucial.

Prevalence of in Canine Feces and Its Association with Intestinal Dysbiosis.

The role of as an enteropathogen in dogs is controversial. In humans, intestinal bile acid-dysmetabolism is associated with prevalence. The relationship between fecal qPCR-based dysbiosis index (DI) and especially the abundance of bile acid-converting with the presence of in dogs was explored across the following 4 cohorts: 358 fecal samples submitted for routine diagnostic work-up, 33 dogs with chronic enteropathy, 14 dogs with acute diarrhea, and 116 healthy dogs.

Quantitative bioimaging of copper in frozen liver specimens from cats using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) as a tool for measuring concentrations and determining accumulation of copper in frozen liver specimens from cats.

Methods: Six frozen liver specimens were evaluated by qualitative copper staining and quantitative flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. Tissue specimens were cryo-sectioned and quantitative bioimaging of copper was performed using LA-ICP-MS.

Analytical validation of an ELISA for the measurement of feline pancreas-specific lipase and re-evaluation of the reference interval and decision threshold for diagnosing pancreatitis.

Background: The diagnosis of feline pancreatitis can be challenging. The clinical presentation often includes mild, nonspecific clinical signs, such as vomiting, anorexia, and weight loss. Measurement of feline pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (fPLI) concentration in serum has been reported to be sensitive and specific for a diagnosis of pancreatitis in cats.

Fecal acute phase proteins in cats with chronic enteropathies.

Background: Chronic enteropathies (CE) are common in cats and reliable biomarkers that can distinguish different causes and predict or monitor response to treatment are currently lacking.

Hypothesis: To evaluate certain acute phase proteins in feces that could potentially be used as biomarkers in cats with CE.

Animals: Twenty-eight cats with either inflammatory bowel disease (IBD; n = 13), food-responsive enteropathy (FRE; n = 3) or small cell gastrointestinal lymphoma (SCGL; n = 12) and 29 healthy control cats were prospectively enrolled.

Hip sensor location for flash interstitial glucose monitoring system provides adequate clinical accuracy in non-diabetic hypoglycemic dogs.

Objective: Flash glucose monitoring systems (FGMS) are frequently used for interstitial glucose monitoring in dogs with diabetes mellitus and are typically placed between the scapulae. We aimed to evaluate the variability between glucose measurements from FGMS placed in 2 locations (between the scapulae and over the hip) in non-diabetic dogs during rapidly induced hypoglycemia.

Animals: 24 apparently healthy colony dogs that were subjects in a teaching laboratory.

Fecal S100A12 concentrations in cats with chronic enteropathies.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare fecal S100A12 concentrations in cats diagnosed with chronic enteropathy (CE) with healthy control cats.

Methods: This was a prospective, cross-sectional study. Forty-nine cats that had gastrointestinal signs for >3 weeks and a complete diagnostic work-up, including bloodwork, abdominal ultrasound and upper and/or lower gastrointestinal endoscopic biopsies, were enrolled into the CE group.

Urinary 15-F-Isoprostane Concentrations in Dogs with Liver Disease.

Isoprostanes are stable end products of lipid peroxidation that can be used as markers of oxidative stress. It was previously reported that a cohort of dogs with various liver diseases had increased urinary isoprostane concentrations compared to healthy control (HC) dogs. The aim of this study was to measure and report urinary isoprostane concentrations in dogs with different types of liver diseases.

Analytical Validation of an Assay for Concurrent Measurement of Amino Acids in Dog Serum and Comparison of Amino Acid Concentrations between Whole Blood, Plasma, and Serum from Dogs.

Amino acids play an important role in metabolism. Comprehensive analytical validation of an assay for the concurrent measurement of a large number of amino acids in dogs is lacking, which precludes its usefulness in a clinical setting. Amino acids are often measured in plasma or whole blood.

Serial Measurement of Serum Pancreatic Lipase Immunoreactivity, Feline Trypsin-like Immunoreactivity, and Cobalamin Concentrations in Kittens.

Serum concentrations of feline pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (fPLI), feline trypsin-like immunoreactivity (fTLI), and cobalamin are commonly used for the diagnostic investigation of cats with gastrointestinal signs. No information on these parameters in healthy cats less than 1 year of age exists. We aimed to evaluate serum concentrations of fPLI, fTLI, and cobalamin in healthy cats at different time-points during their first 12 months of life.

Effect of oral or injectable supplementation with cobalamin in dogs with hypocobalaminemia caused by chronic enteropathy or exocrine pancreatic insufficiency.

Background: Recent studies have shown similar efficacy of oral supplementation of cobalamin compared to injectable supplementation in dogs, but few prospective, randomized studies have been published.

Objectives: To evaluate efficacy of oral or injectable supplementation with cobalamin in normalizing serum cobalamin and methylmalonic acid (MMA) concentrations in dogs with hypocobalaminemia caused by either chronic enteropathy (CE) or exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI).

Animals: Forty-six client owned dogs with hypocobalaminemia.

Gastrointestinal transit time is faster in Beagle dogs compared to cats.

Objective: To characterize gastrointestinal transit times (GITTs) and pH in dogs, and to compare to data recently described for cats.

Animals: 7 healthy, colony-housed Beagles.

Procedures: The GITTs and pH were measured using a continuous pH monitoring system.

Detection of invasive in dogs with granulomatous colitis using immunohistochemistry.

Granulomatous colitis in dogs can be associated with infection of the colonic mucosa by invasive strains of . To date, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is the gold-standard method to assess intramucosal and intracellular bacterial invasion. However, FISH requires expensive fluorescence microscopy equipment and is therefore not widely available.

Recovery of Fecal Microbiome and Bile Acids in Healthy Dogs after Tylosin Administration with and without Fecal Microbiota Transplantation.

Antibiotics cause gut dysbiosis and bile acid dysmetabolism in dogs. The effect of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) on microbiome and metabolome recovery is unknown. This prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study included sixteen healthy purpose-bred dogs.

Immunohistochemical Expression of Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis Markers in Archived Liver Specimens from Dogs with Chronic Hepatitis.

Chronic hepatitis (CH) in dogs is histologically characterized by an inflammatory infiltration of the liver accompanied by hepatocellular apoptosis or necrosis, varying degrees of fibrosis and regeneration. Oxidative stress has been suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of various liver diseases, including CH. This study assessed the immunohistochemical expression of markers of oxidative stress (4-hydroxynonenal [4-HNE] and malondialdehyde [MDA]) and apoptosis (active caspase-3 [casp-3]) in 35 surplus archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded liver biopsies from 25 dogs with CH and 10 control dogs that had no significant hepatic changes.

Dysbiosis index to evaluate the fecal microbiota in healthy cats and cats with chronic enteropathies.

Objectives: Previous studies have identified various bacterial taxa that are altered in cats with chronic enteropathies (CE) vs healthy cats. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a targeted quantitative molecular method to evaluate the fecal microbiota of cats.

Methods: Fecal samples from 80 client-owned healthy cats and 68 cats with CE were retrospectively evaluated.

Assessment of the intracellular distribution of copper in liver specimens from cats.

The intracellular distribution of copper in the liver has been investigated in dogs and humans. However, this has not been reported in cats. This study aimed to assess the intracellular copper distribution in liver specimens from cats with a range of hepatic copper concentrations.

Prospective evaluation of complications associated with transesophageal echocardiography in dogs with congenital heart disease.

Background: Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is useful in the assessment and procedural monitoring of congenital heart disease (CHD) with a relatively low complication rate in humans.

Objectives: To evaluate the safety of TEE and report complications in dogs.

Animals: Forty client-owned dogs with CHD.