Sexual dimorphism in exercise-induced response on steroid hormones to a 24-week supervised concurrent training intervention.

Background: Steroid hormones are key mediators of adaptative responses to exercise, a stimulus that may concurrently affect their blood concentrations. However, the chronic endocrine adaptations and whether these potential changes are dependent on exercise intensity remain undetermined. Moreover, it is also unknown if the exercise-induced effects on steroid hormonal status are related to the participant' sex.

Conceptual and Evidence Update on Incidental Physical Activity: A Scoping Review of Experimental and Observational Studies.

Promoting incidental physical activity (IPA) can help reduce sedentary lifestyles and physical inactivity levels in the population. However, there is heterogeneity in the definition of IPA, and studies have yet to synthesize the empirical findings on this topic. This review aimed to (1) Synthesize the definitions of the IPA used in the scientific literature, (2) Identify the behaviors part of the IPA, and (3) Synthesize the main findings on IPA.

Effects of early, late and self-selected time-restricted eating on visceral adipose tissue and cardiometabolic health in participants with overweight or obesity: a randomized controlled trial.

The optimal eating window for time-restricted eating (TRE) remains unclear, particularly its impact on visceral adipose tissue (VAT), which is associated with cardiometabolic morbidity and mortality. We investigated the effects of three TRE schedules (8 h windows in the early day, late day and participant-chosen times) combined with usual care (UC, based on education about the Mediterranean diet) versus UC alone over 12 weeks in adults with overweight or obesity. The primary outcome was VAT changes measured by magnetic resonance imaging.

Higher physical activity levels are related to faecal microbiota diversity and composition in young adults.

Increasing physical activity (PA) is recognised as an efficacious approach for preventing and treating cardiometabolic diseases. Recently, the composition of microorganisms living within the gut has been proposed as an important appropriate target for treating these diseases. Whether PA is related to faecal microbiota diversity and composition in humans remains to be ascertained.

Sexual dimorphism on the acute effect of exercise in the morning vs. evening: A randomized crossover study.

Background: Mammalian cells possess molecular clocks, the adequate functioning of which is decisive for metabolic health. Exercise is known to modulate these clocks, potentially having distinct effects on metabolism depending on the time of day. This study aimed to investigate the impact of morning vs.

Malate or Not? Acute Effects of L-Citrulline Versus Citrulline Malate on Neuromuscular Performance in Young, Trained Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial.

L-citrulline (CIT) supplementation seems to improve resistance training performance; yet, whether malate has additive ergogenic effects when combined with CIT is unknown. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial aimed to compare the acute effects of CIT versus citrulline malate (CMA) supplementation on neuromuscular performance and exertion and emotional perceptions in young, trained men and women. 43 (21 women; 24.

The Youth Fitness International Test (YFIT) battery for monitoring and surveillance among children and adolescents: A modified Delphi consensus project with 169 experts from 50 countries and territories.

Background: Physical fitness in childhood and adolescence is associated with a variety of health outcomes and is a powerful marker of current and future health. However, inconsistencies in tests and protocols limit international monitoring and surveillance. The objective of the study was to seek international consensus on a proposed, evidence-informed, Youth Fitness International Test (YFIT) battery and protocols for health monitoring and surveillance in children and adolescents aged 6-18 years.

Paediatric cancer survivors: lean mass attenuates negative impact of watching television on bone.

Objective: To investigate the associations of television (TV) watching time with bone parameters and to examine whether high lean mass attenuates the negative impact of watching TV more than one hour per day on bone parameters.

Methods: This cross-sectional study comprised 116 young paediatric cancer survivors. Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry was used to obtain total body and regional areal bone mineral density (g/cm), and lean mass (kg) outcomes.

Whole-body volume of oxygen consumption while walking: Agreement between measured and estimated values.

Predictive equations are widely employed for estimating the volume of oxygen consumption (VO) while walking, which is ultimately employed to determine energy expenditure and tailor exercise prescription. This study aimed to test the agreement between the measured VO and estimated VO during a walking protocol on a treadmill at 3.5, 4.

Co-morbid sarcopenia and low bone mineral density in young paediatric cancer survivors.

Background: Sarcopenia and low areal bone mineral density (aBMD) are prevalent musculoskeletal complications after paediatric cancer treatment. However, their relationship has not been examined in young paediatric cancers survivors. This study aimed to evaluate aBMD differences according to sarcopenia status and the risk of low aBMD Z-score in young paediatric cancer survivors with sarcopenia confirmed/probable.

Impact of Multidisciplinary Prehabilitation Interventions on Postoperative Hospital Length of Stay and Functional Capacity in Patients Undergoing Resection of Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Although surgery is commonly regarded as the primary curative treatment for colorectal cancer, it could potentially be associated with postoperative morbidity and mortality.

Objective: To determine the pooled effect of exercise and multidisciplinary prehabilitation interventions on postoperative hospital length of stay and functional capacity in patients undergoing resection of colorectal cancer.

Data Sources: A systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE (via PubMed) and Web of Science databases from inception to November 2022.

Effects of exercise on bone marrow adipose tissue in children with overweight/obesity: role of liver fat.

Context: Exercise reduces adiposity, but its influence on bone marrow fat fraction (BMFF) is unknown; nor is it known whether a reduction in liver fat content mediates this reduction.

Objectives: (i) To determine whether incorporating exercise into a lifestyle program reduces the lumbar spine (LS)-BMFF, and (ii), to investigate whether changes in liver fat mediate any such effect.

Design: Ancillary analysis of a two-arm, parallel, non-randomized clinical trial.

Impact of lifestyle moderate-to-vigorous physical activity timing on glycemic control in sedentary adults with overweight/obesity and metabolic impairments.

Objective: Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) improves glucose levels; however, whether its timing affects daily glycemic control remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the impact of lifestyle MVPA timing on daily glycemic control in sedentary adults with overweight/obesity and metabolic impairments.

Methods: A total of 186 adults (50% women; age, 46.

Physical Fitness Surveillance and Monitoring Systems Inventory for Children and Adolescents: A Scoping Review with a Global Perspective.

Surveillance of health-related physical fitness can improve decision-making and intervention strategies promoting health for children and adolescents. However, no study has comprehensively analyzed surveillance/monitoring systems for physical fitness globally. This review sought to address this gap by identifying: (1) national-level surveillance/monitoring systems for physical fitness among children and adolescents globally, (2) the main barriers and challenges to implementing surveillance/monitoring systems, and (3) governmental actions related to existing surveillance/monitoring systems.

Weight loss and lifestyle intervention for cardiorespiratory fitness in obstructive sleep apnea: The INTERAPNEA trial.

Introduction: Although recent trials have shown benefits of weight loss and lifestyle interventions on obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) severity and comorbidities, the effect of these interventions on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effects of an interdisciplinary weight loss and lifestyle intervention on CRF and self-reported physical fitness in adults with OSA.

Methods: Eighty-nine men aged 18-65 years with moderate-to-severe OSA and a body mass index ≥25 kg/m were randomly assigned to a usual-care group or an 8-week interdisciplinary weight loss and lifestyle intervention.

Every Move Counts to Improve Bone Health at Clinical Sites in Young Pediatric Cancer Survivors: The iBoneFIT Project.

Purpose: We aimed to examine the associations of 24-h movement behaviors (moderate to vigorous physical activity [MVPA], light physical activity [LPA], sedentary behavior [SB], and sleep) with age-, sex-, and race-specific areal bone mineral density (aBMD) z -score parameters at clinical sites in young pediatric cancer survivors.

Methods: This cross-sectional multicenter study was carried out within the iBoneFIT framework in which 116 young pediatric cancer survivors (12.1 ± 3.

Resting heart rate but not heart rate variability is associated with the normal-weight obesity phenotype.

Objective: To determine differences in resting heart rate variability (HRV) and heart rate (HR) between young adults with normal-weight obesity (NWO) and normal-weight lean (NWL).

Methods: A total of 65 normal-weight individuals (18-25 years old, 50 women, body mass index 18.5 to 24.

Cold exposure modulates potential brown adipokines in humans, but only FGF21 is associated with brown adipose tissue volume.

Objective: The study objective was to investigate the effect of cold exposure on the plasma levels of five potential human brown adipokines (chemokine ligand 14 [CXCL14], growth differentiation factor 15 [GDF15], fibroblast growth factor 21 [FGF21], interleukin 6 [IL6], and bone morphogenic protein 8b [BMP8b]) and to study whether such cold-induced effects are related to brown adipose tissue (BAT) volume, activity, or radiodensity in young humans.

Methods: Plasma levels of brown adipokines were measured before and 1 h and 2 h after starting an individualized cold exposure in 30 young adults (60% women, 21.9 ± 2.

Muscle strength deficits are associated with low bone mineral density in young pediatric cancer survivors: The iBoneFIT project.

Background: Pediatric cancer survivors are at increased risk of muscle weakness and low areal bone mineral density (aBMD). However, the prevalence of muscle strength deficits is not well documented, and the associations of muscle strength with aBMD are unknown in this population. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of upper- and lower-body muscle strength deficits and to examine the associations of upper- and lower-body muscle strength with age-, sex, and race-specific aBMD Z-scores at the total body, total hip, femoral neck, and lumbar spine.