Vascular plant colonisation of Surtsey Island (1965-1990) - a dataset.

Background: The process of ecosystem development over time that takes place on a new substrate devoid of biological activity (such as, for example, lava) is called primary succession. Research on primary succession is not easy, as it is limited to rare occasions when a piece of land totally lacking in any pre-existing life occurs. The emergence of volcanic islands is such an occasion; it is a unique event that allows a natural experiment in the study of colonisation processes and primary succession.

Synthesis of proglycogen and macroglycogen in skeletal muscle of standardbred trotters after intermittent exercise.

Reasons For Performing Study: The degradation of glycogen and its two forms, proglycogen (PG) and macroglycogen (MG) has been studied in horses performing different types of exercise, but no information is available about the resynthesis of PG and MG after exercise.

Objectives: To determine the resynthesis of PG and MG in skeletal muscle after intermittent uphill exercise.

Methods: At a training camp 9 well-trained Standardbred trotters performed a training session comprising a warm-up period, 7 repeated 500 m bouts of exercise on an uphill slope and a recovery period.

Blood concentrations of amino acids, glucose and lactate during experimental swine dysentery.

The aim of this study was to examine blood concentrations of amino acids, glucose and lactate in association with experimental swine dysentery. Ten pigs (approximately 23kg) were orally inoculated with Brachyspira hyodysenteriae. Eight animals developed muco-haemorrhagic diarrhoea with impaired general appearance, changes in white blood cell counts and increased levels of the acute phase protein Serum Amyolid A.

Consecutive pathological and immunological alterations during experimentally induced swine dysentery - a study performed by repeated endoscopy and biopsy samplings through an intestinal cannula.

The development of intestinal lesions after inoculation with Brachyspira hyodysenteriae was followed by repeated endoscopy and biopsy sampling through a caecal cannula. Seven eight-week-old pigs were cannulated and inoculated, two were cannulated but not inoculated, and two pigs were inoculated but not cannulated. Endoscopy, biopsy, and blood sampling to determine SAA (serum amyloid A), haptoglobin, cortisol, and WBC counts were performed at scheduled time-points.

Immunological alterations during the clinical and recovery phases of experimental swine dysentery.

The aim of this study was to examine changes in the systemic immune response during the incubation period and following the onset of clinical swine dysentery, including the recovery period. Ten healthy conventional pigs were inoculated with Brachyspira hyodysenteriae. Blood was sampled at pre-inoculation, at days 4 and 14 post-inoculation, during the first 4 days with clinical signs of dysentery and at days 1, 3, 7, 11 and 15 of the recovery period.

Simultaneous detection of porcine proinflammatory cytokines using multiplex flow cytometry by the xMAP technology.

Background: Multiplex flow cytometry is in widespread use for detection of cytokines in human samples. However, no report on the measurement of porcine cytokines using this method has previously been published. We report on the detection of the porcine proinflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-8, and IL-1beta by the xMap-assay for multiplex flow cytometry.

Effect of exercise on proglycogen and macroglycogen content in skeletal muscles of pigs with the Rendement Napole mutation.

Objective: To investigate influence of the Rendement Napole (RN-) mutation on proglycogen (PG) and macroglycogen (MG) content in skeletal muscles before and after exercise and evaluate glycogen concentrations within various muscle fiber types.

Animals: 5 pigs with the RN- mutation and 3 noncarrier pigs.

Procedure: Pigs performed 2 exercise tests on a treadmill.

Differences in lymphocyte subpopulations and cell counts before and after experimentally induced swine dysentery.

The aim of this study was to examine the levels of circulating leukocytes and lymphocyte subpopulations before and immediately after experimentally induced swine dysentery. Twenty-one healthy crossbred pigs (approximately 22 kg) were orally inoculated with Brachyspira hyodysenteriae. Blood was sampled before inoculation and when clinical signs of swine dysentery occurred.

Pro- and macroglycogenolysis in skeletal muscle during maximal treadmill exercise.

The purpose was to investigate the degradation of proglycogen and macroglycogen in skeletal muscle during intense exercise. Ten Standardbred trotters performed a maximal treadmill exercise test comprising a warm-up period, an exercise period, starting at 7 m/s with increments of 1 m/s every 60 s until the onset of fatigue (mean +/- s.d.

Work capacity and central hemodynamics thirteen to twenty-six years after repair of tetralogy of Fallot.

Exercise tests and cardiac catheterization were performed in 53 patients, 13 to 26 years after intracardiac repair of tetralogy of Fallot. At the time of repair, the median age was 7 years, and 60% of patients with cyanosis had had a previous palliative procedure. The right ventriculotomy was closed without a patch in 21 patients (40%), a patch restricted to the right ventricle was inserted in 18 patients (34%), and in 14 (26%) the patch extended across the pulmonary anulus.

Late sudden deaths after repair of tetralogy of Fallot. Electrocardiographic findings associated with survival.

Of 141 hospital survivors after intracardiac repair of tetralogy of Fallot, eight died suddenly 6-23 years later. Compared with the other 133 patients, these eight were older at operation, with higher post-repair systolic right ventricular pressure and more often complete atrioventricular block; ventricular arrhythmia was diagnosed before death in three cases. In follow-up totalling 2255 patient years, the linearized rate of sudden death was 0.

Pulmonary function thirteen to twenty-six years after repair of tetralogy of Fallot.

Lung function was evaluated in 68 patients 13 to 26 (median 19) years after repair of tetralogy of Fallot. Age at repair was 7 years (9 months to 42 years) and 51% had a palliative shunt. An outflow patch was inserted in 56%.

Effort dyspnea after coronary bypass surgery.

One hundred consecutive patients were followed up for 6-36 months after coronary artery bypass surgery (CABS) for angina pectoris. Of the 98 survivors, 35 reported effort angina. Of the 63 angina-free patients, nine (14%), also had to interrupt ordinary activities such as walking upstairs/uphill, though now because of dyspnea.

Effort dyspnea after coronary artery bypass grafting.

Two series of consecutive patients with disabling effort angina were studied prospectively. From the first series, 94 survivors were followed up 9 months after coronary artery bypass grafting. Thirty-five patients (37%) reported that they still suffered from effort angina.

Identifying severe aortic valvular stenosis by bedside examination.

Sixty-seven consecutive symptomatic patients with aortic valvular stenosis (AS) and no or slight aortic incompetence were prospectively examined bedside by a senior cardiologist before an invasive pre-operative investigation. A history of effort syncope had the highest predictive value (pos), 100%, for a significant degree of AS (defined as a calculated valve area less than or equal to 0.9 cm2 or a peak systolic pressure difference across the valve of greater than or equal to 40 mmHg).

Hemodynamics in diabetic renal failure.

Cardiac performance was assessed by left ventricular catheterization in ten insulin-dependent diabetics with non-dialysis-requiring uremia. None of the patients had a history or clinical signs of ischemic or valvular heart disease or congestive heart failure. Cardiac output at rest was normal in all patients.

Does post-exercise ST depression reflect local ischemia or some global effect in the left ventricle?

As exercise-induced ST depressions are most frequent and marked in lead V5 independent of which single coronary artery is obstructed, some other mechanisms of ST depressions than local ischemia should be searched for. Left ventricular hemodynamics during exercise was studied in two groups of patients with severe effort angina, 19 with and 12 without ST depression after exercise (STAE). During supine exercise until angina, stroke index became significantly lower (37 vs.

Cardiac performance in various stages of renal failure.

Cardiac catheterisation was performed to evaluate cardiac function in 12 patients with various stages of renal failure. All patients were studied at rest and during supine exercise to subjective exhaustion. Eight patients had a normal arteriovenous oxygen difference at rest and during exercise whereas three had a low arteriovenous oxygen difference and one a high arteriovenous oxygen difference.

Electrocardiographic prediction of the severity of aortic valvular stenosis.

The ECG at rest and at 4 min after a symptom-limited exercise test was studied in 52 patients who were catheterized because a significant aortic valvular stenosis was suspected. The calculated valve area ranged from 0.2 to 1.

Rate of progression of severity of valvular aortic stenosis.

Twenty-six patients with valvular aortic stenosis were followed up for an average period of 9 years after the initial evaluation when the valvular disease had been considered too mild for surgical treatment. The valve area was 0.7-1.

ST depression and left ventricular haemodynamics during exercise in patients with angina pectoris.

The mechanism of ischaemic ST depression and the cause of its low sensitivity to coronary artery stenosis are not well understood. Of 30 patients with severe stable effort angina, 19 (63%) showed ischaemic ST depressions after exercise (the STAE group) and 11 did not. The highest load during the symptom-limited exercise test and the heart rate on that load did not differ between the two groups.

Prediction of left main coronary artery stenosis by exercise electrocardiography.

The possibilities of predicting left main coronary artery stenosis (LMCAS) by the T wave pattern in exercise ECG were studied in a consecutive series of patients with stable angina pectoris and were compared to the predictive ability of ST criteria. After exclusion of patients with interfering diagnoses and digitalis treatment, 146 patients remained; 16 of them had LMCAS. Appearance or increase of a biphasic or negative T wave in leads V2-6 2 min after exercise detected 63% of the LMCAS, and the predictive value of a positive test was 36%.

Haemodynamic changes after tricuspid valve surgery. A recatheterization study in forty-five patients.

Changes of the central haemodynamics at rest and during exercise were evaluated in 45 patients who underwent tricuspid valve surgery. Tricuspid valve disease was associated with left heart valvular lesions in 42 patients, while isolated tricuspid valve lesions were present in 3 patients. The pre-operative evaluation showed marked impairment of cardiac function expressed by cardiomegaly, low physical working capacity, hypokinetic central circulation, elevated right atrial pressure and pulmonary hypertension in the majority of patients.

Aortic valve replacement in patients over 70 years.

Twenty-seven patients 70 years of age or more were operated upon with aortic valvular replacement with an early mortality rate of 7%. No more patients died during a mean follow-up period of 28 months. The Björk-Shiley standard tilting disc valve was implanted in 15 cases and the new convexo-concave model in 12 cases.