human neurite exchange imaging (NEXI) at 500 mT/m diffusion gradients.

Evaluating tissue microstructure and membrane integrity in the living human brain through diffusion-water exchange imaging is challenging due to requirements for a high signal-to-noise ratio and short diffusion times dictated by relatively fast exchange processes. The goal of this work was to demonstrate the feasibility of imaging of tissue micro-geometries and water exchange within the brain gray matter using the state-of-the-art Connectome 2.0 scanner equipped with an ultra-high-performance gradient system (maximum gradient strength=500 mT/m, maximum slew rate=600 T/m/s).

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Direct current (DC) cardioversion is an everyday clinical procedure used to restore sinus rhythm from atrial fibrillation. This review summarises the current state of art in Denmark. Sufficient anticoagulation must be ensured before DC cardioversion to reduce the risk of thromboembolism.

Temporal trends in mortality, heart failure hospitalisation, and stroke in heart failure patients with and without atrial fibrillation: a nationwide study from 1997-2018 on 152,059 patients.

Aims: We aimed to investigate temporal trends in all-cause mortality, heart failure (HF) hospitalisation, and stroke from 1997 to 2018 in patients diagnosed with both HF and atrial fibrillation (AF).

Methods And Results: From Danish nationwide registers, we identified 152 059 patients with new-onset HF between 1997 and 2018. Patients were grouped according to year of new-onset HF and AF-status: Prevalent AF (n = 34 734), New-onset AF (n = 12 691), and No AF (n = 104 634).

Trends in percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion and 1-year mortality 2013-2021: A nationwide observational study.

Background: Percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) is increasingly used for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation and anticoagulant-related complications. Yet, real-life studies evaluating changes in patient characteristics and indications for LAAO remain scarce.

Methods: To evaluate changes in patient characteristics and indications for LAAO defined as 2-year history of intracerebral bleeding, any ischemic stroke/systemic embolism (SE), any non-intracerebral bleeding, other indication, and 1-year mortality.

Oral anticoagulation for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation and advanced kidney disease.

Background: The net benefit of oral anticoagulation (OAC) with vitamin K antagonists or direct oral anticoagulants in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease and atrial fibrillation remains uncertain.

Objectives: We examined the use, efficacy, and safety of OAC in patients with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of <30 mL/min/1.73 m (including dialysis-treated patients) and atrial fibrillation.

Protocol for a randomised controlled trial comparing warfarin with no oral anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation on chronic dialysis: the Danish Warfarin-Dialysis (DANWARD) trial.

Introduction: Atrial fibrillation is highly prevalent in patients on chronic dialysis. It is unclear whether anticoagulant therapy for stroke prevention is beneficial in these patients. Vitamin K-antagonists (VKA) remain the predominant anticoagulant choice.

Efficacy and safety of oral anticoagulants according to kidney function among patients with atrial fibrillation.

Background And Aims: Patients with severely reduced kidney function have been excluded from randomized controlled trials and data on the safety and efficacy of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) according to kidney function remain sparse. The aim was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the DOACs across subgroups of kidney function.

Methods: Using multiple Danish nationwide registers and laboratory databases, we included patients initiated on oral anticoagulants (OACs) with atrial fibrillation and available creatinine level and followed patients for 2 years to evaluate occurrence of stroke/thromboembolism (TE) and major bleeding.

Arterial Thromboembolism in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and CHADS-VASc Score 1: A Nationwide Study.

Background: Oral anticoagulation is suggested in patients with atrial fibrillation and a CHADS-VASc score ≥1 (congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥75 years, diabetes, stroke, vascular disease, age 65-74 years, and sex score). To assess granular differences within CHADS-VASc 1, the incidence of arterial thromboembolism according to CHADS-VASc 1 subgroups was examined.

Methods: The Danish National Patient Registry and the Danish Prescription Registry were linked on a nationwide level to identify patients with atrial fibrillation from 2000 to 2021 without oral anticoagulation and categorized according to CHADS-VASc score: CHADS-VASc 0 (male and female subjects); CHADS-VASc 1 (hypertension, heart failure, diabetes, vascular disease, and age 65-74 years); or CHADS-VASc 2 (age ≥75 years without other risk factors).

Temporal Trends in Patient Characteristics and Outcomes of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation and Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement: A Nationwide Study.

With increased use of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) in treatment of aortic stenosis, it is important to evaluate real life data trends in outcomes. This nationwide register-based study aimed to present an outlook on temporal trends in characteristics and outcomes, including mortality. First-time consecutive Danish patients who underwent TAVI from 2010 to 2019 were included in this study.

Preeclampsia and Long-Term Risk of Venous Thromboembolism.

Importance: As venous thromboembolism (VTE) remains one of the leading causes of maternal mortality, identifying women at increased risk of VTE is of great importance. Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-induced hypertensive disorder with generalized endothelial dysfunction. Some studies suggest that preeclampsia is associated with an increased risk of VTE, but much controversy exists.

High-risk admission prior to transcatheter aortic valve replacement and subsequent outcomes.

Background: Severe, symptomatic aortic stenosis may cause heart failure, acute myocardial infarction, or syncope; limited data exist on the occurrence of such events before transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and their impact on subsequent outcomes. Thus, we investigated the association between a preceding event and outcomes after TAVR.

Methods: From 2014 to 2021 all Danish patients who underwent TAVR were included.

A user independent denoising method for x-nuclei MRI and MRS.

Purpose: X-nuclei (also called non-proton MRI) MRI and spectroscopy are limited by the intrinsic low SNR as compared to conventional proton imaging. Clinical translation of x-nuclei examination warrants the need of a robust and versatile tool improving image quality for diagnostic use. In this work, we compare a novel denoising method with fewer inputs to the current state-of-the-art denoising method.

Patient Characteristics, Microbiology, and Mortality of Infective Endocarditis After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation.

Background: Infective endocarditis (IE) after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is associated with high mortality and surgery is rarely performed. Thus, to inform on preventive measures and treatment strategies, we investigated patient characteristics and microbiology of IE after TAVI.

Methods: Using Danish nationwide registries, we identified patients with IE after TAVI, IE after non-TAVI prosthetic valve (nTPV), and native valve IE.

MP-PCA denoising of fMRI time-series data can lead to artificial activation "spreading".

MP-PCA denoising has become the method of choice for denoising MRI data since it provides an objective threshold to separate the signal components from unwanted thermal noise components. In rodents, thermal noise in the coils is an important source of noise that can reduce the accuracy of activation mapping in fMRI. Further confounding this problem, vendor data often contains zero-filling and other post-processing steps that may violate MP-PCA assumptions.

Frailty and Recurrent Hospitalization After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement.

Background For frail patients with limited life expectancy, time in hospital following transcatheter aortic valve replacement is an important measure of quality of life; however, data remain scarce. Thus, we aimed to investigate frailty and its relation to time in hospital during the first year after transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Methods and Results From 2008 to 2020, all Danish patients who underwent transcatheter aortic valve replacement and were alive at discharge were included.

Nursing Home Admission Following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: A Danish Nationwide Cohort Study.

Background: Loss of autonomy associated with nursing home admission (NHA) is a concern for patients. Yet the incidence of NHA after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is unknown.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and factors associated with NHA following TAVR compared with the general population.

Mortality at one year after transcatheter aortic valve replacement - Relation of age and comorbidities.

Background: Of patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), 80-90 % are at extreme, high, or intermediate risk. Patient selection considering futile outcomes in these groups is difficult as significant comorbidity burden is common. Thus, we examined 1-year mortality after TAVR according to age and comorbidities.

Tensor denoising of multidimensional MRI data.

Purpose: To develop a denoising strategy leveraging redundancy in high-dimensional data.

Theory And Methods: The SNR fundamentally limits the information accessible by MRI. This limitation has been addressed by a host of denoising techniques, recently including the so-called MPPCA: principal component analysis of the signal followed by automated rank estimation, exploiting the Marchenko-Pastur distribution of noise singular values.

Investigating effects of sodium beta-hydroxybutyrate on metabolism in placebo-controlled, bilaterally infused human leg with focus on skeletal muscle protein dynamics.

Systemic administration of beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) decreases whole-body protein oxidation and muscle protein breakdown in humans. We aimed to determine any direct effect of BHB on skeletal muscle protein turnover when administered locally in the femoral artery. Paired design with each subject being investigated on one single occasion with one leg being infused with BHB and the opposing leg acting as a control.

Diffusion time dependence, power-law scaling, and exchange in gray matter.

Characterizing neural tissue microstructure is a critical goal for future neuroimaging. Diffusion MRI (dMRI) provides contrasts that reflect diffusing spins' interactions with myriad microstructural features of biological systems. However, the specificity of dMRI remains limited due to the ambiguity of its signals vis-à-vis the underlying microstructure.

Ischemic Stroke Severity and Mortality in Patients With and Without Atrial Fibrillation.

Background Our objective was to investigate stroke severity and subsequent rate of mortality among patients with and without atrial fibrillation (AF). Contemporary data on stroke severity and prognosis in patients with AF are lacking. Methods and Results First-time ischemic stroke patients from the Danish Stroke Registry (January 2005-December 2016) were included in an observational study.

Outcomes of prolonged dual anti-platelet therapy in patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: A nationwide registry-based study.

Background: Randomized controlled trials have shown a reduced risk of ischemic events and an increased risk of bleeding in patients treated with prolonged dual anti-platelet therapy (DAPT) beyond 12 months following acute coronary syndrome (ACS). We aimed to investigate outcomes of prolonged DAPT vs aspirin monotherapy (ASA) in a real-world population.

Methods And Results: Using nationwide registries, we identified all patients with ACS who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention and received 12-month DAPT between January 2013 and October 2016.

Potassium-induced potentiation of subtetanic force in rat skeletal muscles: influences of β-activation, lactic acid, and temperature.

Moderate elevations of extracellular K concentration ([K]) occur during exercise and have been shown to potentiate force during contractions elicited with subtetanic frequencies. Here, we investigated whether lactic acid (reduced chloride conductance), β-adrenoceptor activation, and increased temperature would influence the potentiating effect of potassium in slow- and fast-twitch muscles. Isometric contractions were elicited by electrical stimulation at various frequencies in isolated rat soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles incubated at normal (4 mM) or elevated K, in combination with salbutamol (5 μM), lactic acid (18.

Thromboembolic and bleeding complications following primary total knee arthroplasty : a Danish nationwide cohort study.

Aims: The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness and safety of thromboprophylactic treatments in patients undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Methods: Using nationwide medical registries, we identified patients with a primary TKA performed in Denmark between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2018 who received thromboprophylactic treatment. We examined the 90-day risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), major bleeding, and all-cause mortality following surgery.