Lung ultrasound score and diaphragm ultrasound in weaning from mechanical ventilation: are they different in patients with and without COVID-19?

Objective: To compare pre-extubation physiological characteristics and ultrasound variables between patients intubated for COVID-19 compared to a clinical population and those intubated for other reasons.

Methods: This was a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study of patients undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) for more than 48 h. Patients were divided into two groups: those intubated for COVID-19-induced ARDS and those intubated for other clinical reasons.

Temporal trends in respiratory pathogens following the COVID-19 pandemic and climate variables: A unicentric retrospective evaluation of 24 pathogens in a temperate subtropical region.

Temperature and humidity are studied in the context of seasonal infections in temperate and tropical zones, but the relationship between viral trends and climate variables in temperate subtropical zones remains underexplored. Our retrospective study analyzes respiratory pathogen incidence and its correlation with climate data in a subtropical zone. Retrospective observational study at Moinhos de Vento Hospital, South Brazil, aiming to assess seasonal trends in respiratory pathogens, correlating them with climate data.

Molecular evolution of the human monkeypox virus.

Recently, in 2022, new cases of human monkeypox virus (hMPXV) occurred in Europe and North America. The first case was reported in Europe in May 2022, and subsequently, more than 50 000 new cases were confirmed in 100 countries. Currently, the classification of hMPXV according to the nextstrain occurs in five big clades (1A, A.

Molecular evolution of SARS-CoV-2 from December 2019 to August 2022.

Severe acute respiratorysyndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic spread rapidly and this scenario is concerning worldwide, presenting more than 590 million coronavirus disease 2019 cases and 6.4 million deaths. The emergence of novel lineages carrying several mutations in the spike protein has raised additional public health concerns worldwide during the pandemic.

COVID-19 pandemic in Southern Brazil: Hospitalizations, intensive care unit admissions, lethality rates, and length of stay between March 2020 and April 2022.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic spread rapidly with more than 515 million cases and 6.2 million deaths. Epidemiological factors are important for understanding the state of the pandemic.

Longer length of stay, days between discharge/first readmission, and pulmonary involvement ≥50% increase prevalence of admissions in ICU in unplanned readmissions after COVID-19 hospitalizations.

Hospital readmissions due to COVID-19 are one of the main concerns for the health system due to risks to the patient's life and increased use of health resources. Studies focusing on this issue are important to understand the risk factors and create strategies to avoid readmissions. We evaluated the readmission of patients with confirmed COVID-19 in a private hospital in southern Brazil, between March 2020 and 2021.

Temporal analysis of bovine pestivirus diversity in Brazil.

In this study, phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses of cattle pestiviruses (BVDV-1, 2 and HoBiPeV) originating in Brazil were used to investigate the temporal diversification of subgenotypes in the country. Inferred dated phylogeny and time of the most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) demonstrated that some BVDV subgenotypes (1a, 1b, 1d, 1e, and 2b) and HoBi-like sequences clustered according to the region in which they were collected and that the diversification of subgenotypes appears to have occurred around the introduction of first Bos taurus and then Bos indicus, followed by expansion to form the adapted Brazilian breeds. The present results help to elucidate the temporal facts that led to diversification of ruminant pestiviruses in cattle in Brazil.

Molecular phylogenetic assessment of the canine parvovirus 2 worldwide and analysis of the genetic diversity and temporal spreading in Brazil.

Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) is a relevant pathogen for dogs and causes a severe disease in carnivore species. CPV-2 reached pandemic proportions after the 1970s with the worldwide dissemination, generating antigenic and genetic variants (CPV-2a, CPV-2b, and CPV-2c) with different pathobiology in comparison with the original type CPV-2. The present study aimed to assess the current global CPV-2 molecular phylogeny and to analyze genetic diversity and temporal spreading of variants from Brazil.

Recent molecular evolution of hepatitis B virus genotype F in Latin America.

The evolution of hepatitis B virus genotype F (HBV-F) in Latin America is not completely understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the molecular evolution of HBV-F in Latin America by comparing 224 whole-genome sequences. Bayesian coalescent analysis was performed to estimate the time to the most recent common ancestor.

Cardiogenic shock treated with temporary mechanical circulatory support in Brazil: The effect of learning curve.

Aims: Treatment with mechanical circulatory support (MCS) has been proposed to mitigate mortality in cardiogenic shock (CS). However, there is a lack of data on MCS programs implementation and the effect of the learning curve on its outcomes in limited resources countries such as Brazil.

Methods: Prospective cohort of patients with CS admitted in four tertiary-care centers treated with Impella CP or veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO).

Molecular detection of respiratory coinfections in pig herds with enzootic pneumonia: a survey in Brazil.

is the primary etiologic agent of swine enzootic pneumonia (EP), in which the immune response is reduced, making pigs susceptible to secondary infections. We surveyed commercial pig herds in Brazil for viral and bacterial respiratory coinfections that could complicate EP. Over a 2-y period (2015-2016), we found that 854 of 2,206 pigs (38.

Temporal spread and evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in the second pandemic wave in Brazil.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic spread rapidly and this scenario is concerning in South America, mainly in Brazil that presented more than 21 million coronavirus disease 2019 cases and 590 000 deaths. The recent emergence of novel lineages carrying several mutations in the spike protein has raised additional public health concerns worldwide. The present study describes the temporal spreading and evolution of SARS-CoV2 in the beginning of the second pandemic wave in Brazil, highlighting the fast dissemination of the two major concerning variants (P.

Hepatitis B virus genotypes in Brazil: Introduction and dissemination.

Hepatitis B is a viral infectious disease highly spread worldwide with a long evolutionary history associated with human migrations through the continents and countries. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) was disseminated probably from Africa and diverged into ten genotypes (HBV-A to HBV-J) distributed around the world. In Brazil, almost all HBV genotypes were already reported, with a predominance of three ones: A (52.

Temporal and geographic spreading of hepatitis B virus genotype A (HBV-A) in Brazil and the Americas.

Hepatitis B virus genotype A (HBV-A) is disseminated in different countries around the world. It presents a high genetic diversity and is classified into seven subgenotypes (A1-A7). HBV-A1 and HBV-A2 are the most frequent and spread in almost all American countries.

Dissemination and evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in the early pandemic phase in South America.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic spread rapidly and this scenario is concerning in South America, mainly in Brazil with more than seven million cases of infection. Three major pandemic lineages/clades could be identified along with SARS-CoV-2 dissemination (G, GR, and GH) in the Americas. These clades differ according to their genomic characteristics, virulence, and spreading times.

Insights into the origin and diversification of bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 subtypes.

In this study, we performed phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis on bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 (BVDV-1) sequences to investigate the origin and temporal diversification of different BVDV-1 subtypes. Dated phylogenies using the complete polyprotein sequence were reconstructed, and the time of the most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) was estimated. The results demonstrated that BVDV-1 subtypes clustered into two phylogenetic clades, where the predominant subtypes worldwide grouped together.

Temporal evolution and global spread of hepatitis B virus genotype G.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is considered a major health problem in the world. HBV is classified into genotypes A to J disseminated worldwide. Genotypes A, D and F are the most frequent in the Western World, B and C are predominant in the East, and E, F, H and J are infrequent and restricted to specific regions.

Improvement of Mycobacterium tuberculosis detection in sputum using DNA extracted by sonication.

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the infectious diseases with high mortality in the world. DNA amplification techniques have been used to overcome barriers to the diagnosis of this disease. However, the success of these methodologies is highly dependent on the DNA obtained from the sample.

Evolutionary history of hepatitis B virus genotype H.

Hepatitis B virus genotype H (HBV-H) molecular evolution was studied by comparing all published whole-genome sequences. Bayesian coalescent analysis was performed to estimate phylogenetic relationships, time to the most recent common ancestor (tMRCA), and viral population dynamics along the time. Phylogenetic tree demonstrated two main clades or lineages: HBV-H I (with sequences from Central and North America) and HBV-H II (with sequences from North and South America, and Asia).

Genotypic characterization and molecular evolution of avian reovirus in poultry flocks from Brazil.

Avian reovirus (ARV) is one of the main causes of infectious arthritis/tenosynovitis and malabsorption syndrome (MAS) in poultry. ARVs have been disseminated in Brazilian poultry flocks in the last years. This study aimed to genotype ARVs and to evaluate the molecular evolution of the more frequent ARV lineages detected in Brazilian poultry-producing farms.

Rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA and genetic markers for Isoniazid resistance in Ziehl-Neelsen stained slides.

Background: Early diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) and identification of strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to anti-TB drugs are considered the main factors for disease control.

Objectives: To standardise a real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay technique and apply it to identify mutations involved in M. tuberculosis resistance to Isoniazid (INH) directly in Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) stained slides.

Tracing back hepatitis B virus genotype D introduction and dissemination in South Brazil.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is widespread and it is considered a major health problem in the world. HBV is classified into genotypes and subgenotypes. HBV genotype D (HBV-D) has been detected worldwide with high prevalence in some specific regions from Europe and South America.

Role of the genetic variant CCR5Δ32 in HBV infection and HBV/HIV co-infection.

CCR5 is a chemokine receptor that mediates the action of inflammatory cells, besides acting as an HIV co-receptor. CCR5Δ32 states for a genetic variant containing a 32 base pair deletion in the coding region of the CCR5 gene. In homozygosis, CCR5Δ32 results in the lack of CCR5 expression on the cell surface, which was associated with protection against HIV infection.

Clonality of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in swine farms from Brazil.

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae causes enzootic pneumonia (EP) in swine, a disease related to high economic losses in production systems. Epidemiological spread of M. hyopneumoniae clones was studied by multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) in several swine production regions but so far not in South America.