Publications by authors named "Jonas Jarholm"
Cerebrospinal fluid total-tau (t-tau) and neurofilament light chain (NfL) are biomarkers of neurodegeneration and are increased in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In order to adjust for age-related increases in t-tau and NfL, cross-sectional age-adjusted norms were developed based on amyloid negative cognitively normal (CN) adults aged 41-78 years (CN, n = 137). The age-adjusted norms for t-tau and NfL did not improve receiver operating curve based diagnostic accuracies in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to AD (AD-MCI, n = 144).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStaging amyloid-beta (Aβ) pathophysiology according to the intensity of neurodegeneration could identify individuals at risk for cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In blood, phosphorylated tau (p-tau) associates with Aβ pathophysiology but an AD-type neurodegeneration biomarker has been lacking. In this multicenter study (n = 1076), we show that brain-derived tau (BD-tau) in blood increases according to concomitant Aβ ("A") and neurodegeneration ("N") abnormalities (determined using cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers); We used blood-based A/N biomarkers to profile the participants in this study; individuals with blood-based p-tau+/BD-tau+ profiles had the fastest cognitive decline and atrophy rates, irrespective of the baseline cognitive status.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe 4 Mountain Test (4MT) is a test of allocentric spatial working memory and has been proposed as an earlier marker of predementia Alzheimer's disease (AD) than episodic verbal memory. We here compare the 4MT to the CERAD word list memory recall in both cognitively normal (CN) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) cases with or without cerebrospinal fluid markers (CSF) of Alzheimer's disease pathology. Linear regression was used to assess the influence of CSF determined Aβ-plaque (Aβ-/+) or neurofibrillary tau tangles (Tau-/+) on 4MT and CERAD recall performance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Atrophy of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) is a biological characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and can be measured by segmentation of magnetic resonance images (MRI).
Objective: To assess the clinical utility of automated volumetry in a cognitively well-defined and biomarker-classified multi-center longitudinal predementia cohort.
Methods: We used Automatic Segmentation of Hippocampal Subfields (ASHS) to determine MTL morphometry from MRI.
Importance: Identifying nutritional compounds which can reduce cognitive decline in older people is a hugely important topic.
Objective: To study the safety and effect of anthocyanins in maintaining cognitive functioning in people at increased risk for dementia.
Design, Setting, And Participants: Participants (206 individuals, aged 60-80 years) diagnosed with either mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or two or more cardiometabolic disorders (i.
Article Synopsis
- Amyloid-beta 42 (Aβ42) and phosphorylated tau (pTau) levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) offer better insight into Alzheimer's disease (AD) than just clinical diagnosis.
- The European Alzheimer & Dementia Biobank (EADB) analyzed data from 31 cohorts with over 13,000 individuals, identifying new genetic associations such as CR1 for Aβ42 and BIN1 for pTau, alongside novel associations with GMNC and C16orf95.
- Analysis of all AD risk loci revealed four biological categories linked to Aβ42 and pTau, suggesting multiple pathways in AD's development, with further studies indicating GMNC and C16orf95 also relate to brain ventricular volume.
Introduction: Patients with predementia Alzheimer's disease (AD) and at-risk subjects are targets for promising disease-modifying treatments, and improved polygenic risk scores (PRSs) could improve early-stage case selection.
Methods: Phenotype-informed PRSs were developed by selecting AD-associated variants conditional on relevant inflammatory or cardiovascular traits. The primary outcome was longitudinal changes in measures of AD pathology, namely development of pathological amyloid deposition, medial temporal lobe atrophy, and cognitive decline in a prospective cohort study including 394 adults without AD dementia.
Article Synopsis
- There is limited evidence regarding the traits of individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) who also have amyloid positivity, which is related to Alzheimer's disease.
- A study of 1640 participants showed that factors like age, clinical setting, and the presence of the APOE ε4 gene are linked to higher amyloid positivity, whereas education level also plays a role.
- Specific SCD characteristics such as confirmed complaints and lack of depressive symptoms were associated with amyloid positivity, suggesting these traits can aid in identifying individuals who may have amyloid-related cognitive decline.