Non-fermented and fermented milk intake in relation to risk of ischemic heart disease and to circulating cardiometabolic proteins in swedish women and men: Two prospective longitudinal cohort studies with 100,775 participants.

Background: The effect of milk on the risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD) and acute myocardial infarction (MI) is unclear. We aimed to examine the association between non-fermented and fermented milk consumption on these endpoints and investigate the relationship between milk intake and cardiometabolic-related proteins in plasma.

Methods: Our study is based on two Swedish prospective cohort studies that included 59,998 women and 40,777 men without IHD or cancer at baseline who provided repeated measures of diet and lifestyle factors and plasma proteomics data in two subcohorts.

Dietary fatty acids and incident hip fractures in cohorts of women and men. A relative validation and follow-up study.

Objectives: Hip fractures are associated with a high burden of morbidity and mortality. Diet is essential for preventing fragility fractures, but the role of dietary fatty acids on the risk of hip fracture is uncertain. The aim was to investigate how intake of different dietary fatty acids relates to the risk of hip fracture.

Meat consumption and the risk of hip fracture in women and men: two prospective Swedish cohort studies.

Purpose: To study the association between meat intake (predominantly red and processed meats) and the risk of hip fracture, as well as the association between meat intake and biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress, bone turnover, body composition, and bone mineral density (BMD).

Methods: Data from the Swedish Mammography Cohort and the Cohort of Swedish men (n = 83,603, 54% men) with repeated investigations and their respective clinical sub-cohorts was utilised. Incident hip fractures were ascertained through individual linkage to registers.

Genome-Wide Association and Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Analyses of Plasma Ghrelin and Gastrointestinal Cancer Risk.

Background: Observational studies have suggested that the gut hormone ghrelin is an early marker of future risk of developing gastrointestinal cancer. However, whether ghrelin is a causal risk factor remains unclear. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of plasma ghrelin and used Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the possible causal association between ghrelin and gastrointestinal cancer risk.

Genome-wide association and Mendelian randomization study of fibroblast growth factor 21 reveals causal associations with hyperlipidemia and possibly NASH.

Background: Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a hepatokine that produces metabolic benefits, such as improvements of lipid profile. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify genetic variants associated with circulating FGF21 and investigated the causal effects of FGF21 on pertinent outcomes using Mendelian randomization (MR).

Methods: We conducted a GWAS testing ∼7.

Milk and Fermented Milk Consumption and Risk of Stroke: Longitudinal Study.

The role of milk and fermented milk consumption in stroke risk is unclear. We investigated associations of time-updated information on milk and fermented milk consumption (1997 and 2009) with total stroke, cerebral infarction, and hemorrhagic stroke risk among 79,618 Swedish women and men (mean age 61.3 years).

Fracture risk across a wide range of physical activity levels, from sedentary individuals to elite athletes.

Objective: To examine how physical activity is associated with risk of different fracture outcomes across the full range of physical activity.

Methods: By combining information from three cohort studies and using generalized structural equation modelling, we estimated a continuous unitless latent variable reflecting physical activity that ranged from sedentary through elite athlete levels. Associations between physical activity and fracture outcomes were assessed with proportional hazards regression using restricted cubic splines with the mean physical activity (corresponding to 20-40 min walking or bicycling/day or 2-3 h exercise/week) as reference.

Prior loss of body mass index, low body mass index, and central obesity independently contribute to higher rates of fractures in elderly women and men.

We aimed to comprehensively evaluate the association of body composition with fracture risk using longitudinal data from a Swedish cohort of 44,366 women and men (mean age of 70 years) and a subcohort of 5022 women. We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) of fracture for baseline body mass index (BMI), BMI change during the prior 12 and 18 years, baseline waist-to-height ratio, total and regional distribution of fat and lean mass, with and without areal bone mineral density (BMD) adjustment. During follow-up (median 8.

Urinary continence recovery and oncological outcomes after surgery for prostate cancer analysed by risk category: results from the LAParoscopic prostatectomy robot and open trial.

Purpose: To evaluate urinary continence (UC) recovery and oncological outcomes in different risk-groups after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RALP) and open retropubic radical prostatectomy (RRP).

Patients And Methods: We analysed 2650 men with prostate cancer from seven open (n = 805) and seven robotic (n = 1845) Swedish centres between 2008 and 2011 in a prospective non-randomised trial, LAPPRO. UC recovery was defined as change of pads less than once in 24 h.

Pregnancy outcomes in women with immunoglobulin A nephropathy: a nationwide population-based cohort study.

Background: Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) incidence peaks in childbearing age. Data on pregnancy outcomes in women with IgAN are limited.

Methods: We performed a register-based cohort study in a nationwide cohort of women with biopsy-verified IgAN in Sweden, comparing 327 pregnancies in 208 women with biopsy-verified IgAN and 1060 pregnancies in a matched reference population of 622 women without IgAN, with secondary comparisons with sisters to IgAN women.

Combinations of dietary calcium intake and mediterranean-style diet on risk of hip fracture: A longitudinal cohort study of 82,000 women and men.

Background And Aims: Each year, millions of people suffer from fragility fractures. Hip fractures are the most devastating type of such fractures. We aimed to investigate whether the association of dietary calcium intake with hip fracture risk can be modified by a healthy diet, herein defined as the modified Mediterranean diet score (mMED), in Swedish adults.

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Background: Although small, node-negative breast cancer (ie, T1abN0) constitutes 20% of all newly diagnosed breast cancers, data on prognosis and prognostic factors are limited.

Methods: We conducted a population-based cohort study including 20 114 Swedish women treated for T1abN0 breast cancer from 1977 onward. Patient and tumor data were collected from Swedish breast cancer registries.

Development and validation of non-guided bladder-neck and neurovascular-bundle dissection modules of the RobotiX-Mentor® full-procedure robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy virtual reality simulation.

Background: Full-procedure virtual reality (VR) simulator training in robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) is a new tool in surgical education.

Methods: Description of the development of a VR RARP simulation model, (RobotiX-Mentor®) including non-guided bladder neck (ngBND) and neurovascular bundle dissection (ngNVBD) modules, and assessment of face, content, and construct validation of the ngBND and ngNVBD modules by robotic surgeons with different experience levels.

Results: Simulator and ngBND/ngNVBD modules were rated highly by all surgeons for realism and usability as training tool.

Discontinued dental care attendance among people with dementia: A register-based longitudinal study.

Objective: To investigate the factors that increase the risk of discontinuing dental care utilisation after dementia is diagnosed in a population in Stockholm County, Sweden.

Background: As the progression of dementia results in a deteriorating ability to maintain good oral health, it is important to identify people at risk of discontinued dental care after being diagnosed with dementia.

Materials And Methods: This study is a register-based longitudinal study.

Combined associations of body mass index and adherence to a Mediterranean-like diet with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: A cohort study.

Background: It is unclear whether the effect on mortality of a higher body mass index (BMI) can be compensated for by adherence to a healthy diet and whether the effect on mortality by a low adherence to a healthy diet can be compensated for by a normal weight. We aimed to evaluate the associations of BMI combined with adherence to a Mediterranean-like diet on all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality.

Methods And Findings: Our longitudinal cohort design included the Swedish Mammography Cohort (SMC) and the Cohort of Swedish Men (COSM) (1997-2017), with a total of 79,003 women (44%) and men (56%) and a mean baseline age of 61 years.

Milk and Fermented Milk Intake and Parkinson's Disease: Cohort Study.

Milk and fermented milk consumption has been linked to health and mortality but the association with Parkinson's disease (PD) is uncertain. We conducted a study to investigate whether milk and fermented milk intakes are associated with incident PD. This cohort study included 81,915 Swedish adults (with a mean age of 62 years) who completed a questionnaire, including questions about milk and fermented milk (soured milk and yogurt) intake, in 1997.

Nonsyndromic Craniosynostosis Is Associated with Increased Risk for Psychiatric Disorders.

Background: Craniosynostosis is one of the most common craniofacial malformations demanding surgical treatment in infancy. Data on overall psychiatric morbidity among children with nonsyndromic craniosynostosis remain limited. This study investigated the risk of psychiatric disorders in nonsyndromic craniosynostosis.

Reduced Risk of Reoperation Using Intramedullary Nailing with Femoral Neck Protection in Low-Energy Femoral Shaft Fractures.

Background: In Sweden, approximately 1 in 4 women who are ≥50 years of age will sustain a hip fracture. Patients treated for a femoral shaft fracture are likely to have an even higher risk. We hypothesized that intramedullary nails protecting the femoral neck reduce the risk of subsequent hip fracture and allow the patient to avoid a challenging reoperation.

Co-aggregation and heritability of organ-specific autoimmunity: a population-based twin study.

Objective: Co-aggregation of autoimmune diseases is common, suggesting partly shared etiologies. Genetic factors are believed to be important, but objective measures of environmental vs heritable influences on co-aggregation are absent. With a novel approach to twin studies, we aimed at estimating heritability and genetic overlap in seven organ-specific autoimmune diseases.

Effusion cytology of malignant mesothelioma enables earlier diagnosis and recognizes patients with better prognosis.

A conclusive diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma (MM) can be based on effusion cytology using the guidelines for the cytopathologic diagnosis of epithelioid and mixed-type MM. Briefly, the diagnosis is obtained when the mesothelial phenotype of malignant cells is established by ancillary techniques. This study is based on the comparison of the overall survival rates of patients with MM when diagnosed by effusion cytology, histopathology, or a combination of both.

Clinical risk assessment in early pregnancy for preeclampsia in nulliparous women: A population based cohort study.

Objective: To evaluate the capacity of multivariable prediction of preeclampsia during pregnancy, based on detailed routinely collected early pregnancy data in nulliparous women.

Design And Setting: A population-based cohort study of 62 562 pregnancies of nulliparous women with deliveries 2008-13 in the Stockholm-Gotland Counties in Sweden.

Methods: Maternal social, reproductive and medical history and medical examinations (including mean arterial pressure, proteinuria, hemoglobin and capillary glucose levels) routinely collected at the first visit in antenatal care, constitute the predictive variables.

Dr. Tillman et al. Reply.

We read with interest the commentary of Dr. Zablow on our publication on neurodevelopmental disorders and orofacial clefts (OFC)..

Uptake of peer-led venue-based HIV testing sites in Sweden aimed at men who have sex with men (MSM) and trans persons: a cross-sectional survey.

Objectives: HIV testing among high-risk groups is a key intervention to diagnose persons living unknowingly with HIV to enable linkage to care and effective antiretroviral treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the uptake of Testpoint, the first large-scale HIV testing programme in Sweden where peer, non-healthcare personnel offered venue-based testing. Testing was performed by staff from the Swedish Foundation for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Rights (RFSL Sweden) and testing was performed at the RFSL offices, gay clubs and gay cruising areas, as well as at various gay festivals.

Mortality in IgA Nephropathy: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study.

Background: The clinical course of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) varies from asymptomatic nonprogressive to aggressive disease, with up to one in four patients manifesting ESRD within 20 years of diagnosis. Although some studies have suggested that mortality appears to be increased in IgAN, such studies lacked matched controls and did not report absolute risk.

Methods: We conducted a population-based cohort study in Sweden, involving patients with biopsy-verified IgAN diagnosed in 1974-2011; main outcome measures were death and ESRD.