Association Between Autism and PTSD Among Adult Psychiatric Outpatients.

Purpose: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) occurs in 1-1.5% of the general population and possibly in up to 20% of psychiatric outpatients. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) occurs at some point in life in 4% of the general population and in 14-20% of psychiatric outpatients.

Sex-specific differences and similarities of olanzapine and risperidone on avoidance suppression in rats in the conditioned avoidance response test.

It is well known that antipsychotic drugs (APDs) are more effective in reducing symptoms in women than in men, and that women are more sensitive to the side effects of APDs. Therefore, it is of great importance that sex differences in drug responses are considered already in the early stages of drug development. In this study, we investigated whether sex-specific differences could be observed in response to the commonly prescribed APDs olanzapine and risperidone using the conditioned avoidance response (CAR) test.

Economic impact of reducing treatment gaps in depression.

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is highly prevalent across Europe. While evidence-based treatments exist, many people with MDD have their condition undetected and/or untreated. This study aimed to assess the cost-effectiveness of reducing treatment gaps using a modeling approach.

The 'lost generation' in adult psychiatry: psychiatric, neurodevelopmental and sociodemographic characteristics of psychiatric patients with autism unrecognised in childhood.

Background: Patients with 'underlying' autism spectrum disorder (ASD) constitute a significant minority in adult out-patient psychiatry. Diagnoses of previously unrecognised ASD are increasing in adults. Characteristics of patients with autism within adult out-patient psychiatry have not been sufficiently explored, and there have not been any systematic comparisons of characteristics between patients with and those without autism within adult out-patient psychiatric populations.

Distal radius fractures and risk of incident neurocognitive disorders in older adults: a retrospective cohort study.

Introduction: Distal radius fractures (DRF) are associated with increased risk of subsequent fractures and physical decline in older adults. This study aims to evaluate the risk cognitive decline following DRF and potential for timely screening and intervention.

Methods: A cohort of 1046 individuals 50-75 years of age with DRF were identified between 1995 and 2015 (81.

Care pathways for people with major depressive disorder: a European Brain Council Value of Treatment study.

Background: Despite well-established guidelines for managing major depressive disorder, its extensive disability burden persists. This Value of Treatment mission from the European Brain Council aimed to elucidate the nature and extent of “gaps” between best-practice and current-practice care, specifically to: 1. Identify current treatment gaps along the care pathway and determine the extent of these gaps in comparison with the stepped-care model and 2.

Resource utilization in mental illness - evaluation of an instrument for measuring direct costs of treatment for patients with severe mental illness (SMI).

Purpose: Serious mental illnesses (SMIs) exert a considerable financial burden on health-care systems. In this study, the resource utilization in mental illness (RUMI) tool was developed and employed to evaluate resource utilization in patients with SMI.

Materials And Methods: Data from 107 patients with SMI treated in four psychiatric outpatient clinics in Sweden were collected.

Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorders in Adult Outpatient Psychiatry.

Relatively little has been published about the prevalence of autism in adults with psychiatric disorders. In this study, all new patients referred to an adult psychiatric outpatient clinic in Sweden between November 2019 and October 2020 (n = 562) were screened for autism spectrum disorders using the Ritvo Autism and Asperger Diagnostic Scale Screen (RAADS-14). Out of the 304 (58%) responders, 197 who scored above the cut off (14) were invited to participate in an in-depth assessment.

Community-Based Support and Social Services and Their Association with Frailty Factors in Older People with Intellectual Disability and Affective and Anxiety Disorders: A Swedish National Population-Based Register Study.

Affective and anxiety diagnoses are common in older people with intellectual disability (ID). The aim was to describe support and social services for older people with ID and affective and/or anxiety diagnoses, also to investigate in this study group the association between support and social services and frailty factors in terms of specialist healthcare utilisation, multimorbidity, polypharmacy, level of ID and behavioural impairment. Data was selected from four population-based Swedish national registries, on 871 identified persons with affective and/or anxiety diagnoses and ID.

Sex-Specific Associations Between Bipolar Disorder Pharmacological Maintenance Therapies and Inpatient Rehospitalizations: A 9-Year Swedish National Registry Study.

Long-term pharmacological maintenance therapy is often essential among people with bipolar disorder to reduce the need for inpatient care. Sex-specific responses to maintenance therapies are expected but remain largely unknown. Here, we examined for sex-specific associations between common maintenance therapies for bipolar disorder with inpatient rehospitalizations following patients' index discharges during 2006-2014.

Healthcare utilisation patterns among older people with intellectual disability and with affective and anxiety diagnoses in comparison with the general population.

Objectives: This study investigates specialist healthcare visits of older people with intellectual disability ID having affective and anxiety diagnoses in comparison with the general population, as well as across different levels of ID, behavioural impairment, and living in special housing in Sweden.

Method: The study is a retrospective national-register-based study from 2002-2012 of people with ID 55 years and older ( = 7936) and a control group the same size matched by birth year and sex from the general population at the end of study. The study groups comprised those with affective ( = 918) and anxiety ( = 825) diagnoses who visited specialist healthcare, including data about living in special housing at the end of study in 2012.

Pharmacotherapy for mood and anxiety disorders in older people with intellectual disability in comparison with the general population.

Background: People with intellectual disability (ID) have high prevalence of psychiatric disorders, but even higher rates of prescription of psychotropic drugs.

Methods: Using Swedish national registers, we identified a group of older people with ID and diagnosis of mood disorders (ICD-10 codes F32-F39) and/or anxiety (ICD-10 code F4) during 2006-2012 (n = 587) and a referent group of people from the general population with the same diagnoses during the same time period (n = 434). For both groups, we collected information on prescription of anxiolytics, hypnotics and sedatives, antidepressants, and GABA-agonists.

Gender influence on the bipolar disorder inpatient length of stay in Sweden, 2005-2014: A register-based study.

Background: The influence of gender on bipolar disorder is controversial and it is unclear if inpatient care differs between men and women. Here, we investigate for gender differences in the inpatient length of stay for Swedes admitted for bipolar disorder and explore other factors that could explain any observed association.

Methods: Admission data were extracted from the Swedish National Patient Register and included all patients first admitted to a psychiatric inpatient unit with a bipolar disorder diagnosis, circa 2005-2014.

The occurrence of comorbidities with affective and anxiety disorders among older people with intellectual disability compared with the general population: a register study.

Background: Little is known regarding the burden of comorbidities among older people with intellectual disability (ID) who have affective and anxiety disorders. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the occurrence and risk of psychiatric and somatic comorbidities with affective and/or anxiety disorders in older people with ID compared to the general population.

Methods: This population study was based on three Swedish national registers over 11 years (2002-2012).

Outcome of a psychosocial health promotion intervention aimed at improving physical health and reducing alcohol use in patients with schizophrenia and psychotic disorders (MINT).

Background: Life expectancy is reduced by 19 years in men and 17 in women with psychosis in Sweden, largely due to cardiovascular disease.

Aim: Assess whether a psychosocial health promotion intervention improves cardiometabolic risk factors, quality of life, and severity of illness in patients with psychotic disorders more than treatment as usual.

Methods: A pragmatic intervention trial testing a manual-based multi-component health promotion intervention targeting patients with psychosis.

Demographic and diagnostic profiles of older people with intellectual disability and prescription of antipsychotics.

Purpose: To describe demographic and diagnostic profiles in a national cohort of older people with intellectual disability (ID) who were prescribed antipsychotics.

Methods: Using national registers, we identified people with ID who were 55 + years in 2012 (n = 7936), as well as a subcohort with complete information on demographic factors (sex, year of birth, severity of ID, presence of behavior impairment, and residence in special housing; n = 1151). Data regarding diagnoses and prescription of antipsychotics were added for the time period 2006-2012.

Randomised control trial of the effectiveness of an integrated psychosocial health promotion intervention aimed at improving health and reducing substance use in established psychosis (IMPaCT).

Background: People with psychosis have a reduced life expectancy of 10-20 years, largely due to cardiovascular disease. This trial aimed to determine the effectiveness of a modular health promotion intervention (IMPaCT Therapy) in improving health and reducing cardiovascular risk in psychosis.

Methods: A multicentre, two arm, parallel cluster RCT was conducted across five UK mental health NHS trusts.

Anxiety, irritability, and agitation as indicators of bipolar mania with depressive symptoms: a post hoc analysis of two clinical trials.

Background: Symptoms of anxiety, irritability, and agitation (AIA) are prevalent among patients with bipolar I disorder (BD-I) mania with depressive symptoms, and could potentially be used to aid physicians in the identification of this more severe form of BD-I. Using data from two clinical trials, the aims of this post hoc analysis were to describe the phenomenology of bipolar mania in terms of AIA and depressive symptoms, and to evaluate the influence of these symptoms on the likelihood of remission during treatment.

Methods: Patients with a BD-I manic or mixed episode (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV criteria) were randomised to 3 weeks of double-blind treatment with asenapine, placebo, or olanzapine (active comparator).

Evaluating depressive symptoms in mania: a naturalistic study of patients with bipolar disorder.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate patients with bipolar I disorder (BD-I) who have mania with depressive symptoms and who meet the new "with mixed features" specifier of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5).

Method: This prospective, multinational, naturalistic study surveyed psychiatrists and their patients with BD-I from October 2013 to March 2014. Eligible patients had BD-I, had a (current) manic episode, and had experienced onset of a manic episode within the previous 3 months.

Bipolar patients' quality of life in mixed states: a preliminary qualitative study.

Background: Approximately 20% of patients with bipolar disorder experience mixed states. Mixed states are associated with more comorbidity, poorer treatment response and prognosis, increased relapse rate, and decreased functioning. This study aimed to produce in-depth knowledge about bipolar patients' quality of life (QoL) and functioning related to mixed states.

Twelve months of electronic monitoring (MEMS®) in the Swedish COAST-study: a comparison of methods for the measurement of adherence in schizophrenia.

The primary aim was to compare objective and subjective measures of adherence in a naturalistic cohort of schizophrenia outpatients over 12 months between October 2008 and June 2011. Antipsychotic medication adherence was monitored in 117 outpatients diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like psychosis according to DSM-IV criteria in a naturalistic prospective study. Adherence was determined by the Medication Event Monitoring System (MEMS®), pill count, plasma levels and patient, staff, psychiatrist and close informant ratings.