Micronutrient Consumption Among Postpartum Women and Food Insecurity.

This study aimed to assess the prevalence of inadequate micronutrient intake and its risk factors among women one year after giving birth. 240 women of reproductive age were assessed. Micronutrient intake was assessed from two 24-hour records at three stages (3-6-12 months after childbirth).

[Temporal trend in the prevalence of malnutrition in children under five assisted by the Brazilian Income Transfer Program (2008-2019)].

This study aimed to analyze the temporal trend of malnutrition in children aged under five years assisted by the Brazilian Income Transfer Program from 2008 to 2019, by exploring regional inequalities and seeking to determine the impact of the economic and political crises aggravated in 2014, and the government's adherence to fiscal austerity policies on the trend. The analyses were performed using aggregated data from infants (0-23 months) and preschoolers (24-59 months), extracted from the Brazilian Food and Nutritional Surveillance System (SISVAN) assisted by the Brazilian Income Transfer Program (n = 34,272,024). Trends were analyzed using generalized linear models with age-specific mixed effects (negative binomial distribution and log linkage function).

Association between sleep duration and latency, nocturnal awakenings, and body mass index among infants.

Objective: To investigate the association between sleep duration, nocturnal awakenings, and sleep latency with body mass index (BMI) at six and 12 months of age.

Methods: 179 children from a birth cohort were enrolled. At six and 12 months of age, anthropometric data were obtained using standardized techniques and infants' mothers answered the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire for sleep data.

Analysis of the elaboration and proposal of a Brazilian intersectoral strategy for the prevention and care of childhood obesity.

The Brazilian Strategy for the Prevention and Care of Childhood Obesity (PROTEJA) aims to implement a set of actions to prevent obesity in Brazil. As such, this qualitative and descriptive documentary study presents the Strategy's stages of the operational design, general proposal, evaluation and monitoring conducted by the Brazilian Ministry of Health's technical coordination. After analyzing the epidemiological data on children and the existing policies aimed at obesity prevention, and reviewing the scientific literature and recommendations, PROTEJA was formulated and approved by the Brazilian Ministry of Health, and 1,320 municipalities committed to implementing 20 essential and 5 complementary actions, from 41, including some structural to improve environments.

[Validity of an instrument for screening households at risk of food insecurity in different strata of the Brazilian population].

The absence of risk screening tools for food insecurity compromises the ability to assess, monitor, and provide immediate assistance to those in hunger, especially during emergencies such as the COVID-19 crisis. Hence, this study sought to test the validity of an instrument for Screening Households at Risk of Food Insecurity (TRIA) in different strata of the Brazilian population TRIA uses questions 2 and 4 of the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale (EBIA), originally validated using data from the Brazilian National Survey of Demography and Health of Children and Women (PNDS 2006). In this study, using data from the Brazilian National Household Sample Survey (PNAD 2013), its reproducibility was tested by repeating the original combinatorial procedures, examining whether the parameters of sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and positive predictive values (PPV) and negative values (NPV) would result in the same arrangement of questions.

Commensality and eating patterns in adolescents: An analysis from structural equation modeling.

Through structural equation modeling (SEM), this study aimed to evaluate the influence of commensality under the dietary pattern of Brazilian adolescents based on data from the third edition of the National Survey of School Health (PeNSE), conducted in 2015. PeNSE is a cross-sectional survey with a complex probabilistic sampling plan and with representativeness for adolescents in public and private schools in Brazil. Based on recommendations from the Food Guide for the Brazilian Population (Guia Alimentar Para a População Brasileira), we developed a theoretical model, using the SEM model, (stratified by sex) to investigate the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics, handwashing, body satisfaction, and commensality, and their influence on the eating pattern of adolescents.

Early-life determinants of excessive weight gain among low-income children: Examining the adherence of theoretical frameworks to empirical data using structural equation modelling.

Background: Although childhood obesity is increasing in low-income regions, theoretical models cannot be adequately applied due to the lack of prospective studies with under 2-year-old children from impoverished populations.

Objective: To analyse direct and indirect effects of environmental, maternal, and individual factors on excess weight gain among low-income children during the first year of life.

Methods: We analysed data from a prospective birth cohort conducted in Brazil, which followed infants at birth, 3rd, 6th, and 12th month of life (n = 205).

Time-trend analysis (2008-2018) of overweight prevalence among low-income infant and preschool children.

This study aimed to analyze the overweight (OW) prevalence trends from 2008 to 2018 among under-five-year-old children assisted by the conditional cash transfer program entitled Programa Bolsa Família (PBF). The panel was based on the Food and Nutritional Surveillance System (SISVAN) (n=30,574,118) nutritional status reports. Age- (infants and preschoolers) and region-specific joinpoint regression models were used to analyze OW's prevalence temporal changes.

Early onset of overweight among children from low-income families: The role of exclusive breastfeeding and maternal intake of ultra-processed food.

Context: There is an increasing prevalence of overweight during early childhood in the most impoverished areas in Brazil, although there is a lack of evidence regarding its onset.

Objectives: To investigate the incidence and risk factors associated with overweight among low-income children during their first year of life.

Methods: We analysed data from a prospective birth cohort study conducted in Brazil, which followed-up children at birth, 3rd, 6th and 12th months (n = 196).

The consumption of ultra-processed foods reduces overall quality of diet in pregnant women.

This study analyzed the role of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) in the food and nutritional profile of pregnant women's diet. This was a cross-sectional study conducted in a representative sample of pregnant women attending primary healthcare units in Maceió, capital of the State of Alagoas, Brazil. Food consumption was assessed with the application of two 24-hour food recalls on nonconsecutive days, and the consumption items were grouped according to the NOVA classification.

[Time-series analysis of the consumption of sweetened soft drinks among adults in Brazil: 2007 to 2014].

The scope of this article is to analyze the time-series trend and factors associated with the consumption of soft drinks or packaged fruit juices among adults in Brazil. It is a study based on secondary data from the System of Surveillance of Risk Factors and Protection for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey conducted among Brazilian adults between 2007 and 2014. The consumption frequency and intensity (number of cups or cans per week) of soda or packaged juice was checked.

Weight gain and changes in nutritional status of Brazilian adults after 20 years of age: a time-trend analysis (2006-2012).

Objective: To analyze weight gain (WG) and change in nutritional status (NS) after the age of 20 years in the Brazilian adult population between 2006 and 2012.

Methods: Time series using seven surveys from the Surveillance of Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey (VIGITEL). The analyses were stratified by region, age, sex and education, considering the sampling weights and complex design.

PRE- AND PERINATAL FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH WEIGHT GAIN AMONG PRESCHOOL CHILDREN ENROLLED AT DAY CARE CENTERS.

Objective: To identify the factors associated with excessive weight gain in preschool children enrolled at daycare centers in a capital of the Northeast region of Brazil.

Methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted at the five daycare centers located in the city's district of most socioeconomic vulnerability. The study included 326 preschool children (17 to 63 months old) from both genders.

[Temporal trend and factors associated with consumption of fatty meats by the Brazilian population between 2007 and 2014].

The scope of this article is to analyze the temporal trend of the consumption of fatty meats and factors associated with the consumption thereof between 2007 and 2014. A time series of fatty meat consumption (red meat and chicken) was conducted by the "Surveillance of Risk and Protection Factors for Chronic Diseases (Vigitel) telephone survey." The consumption trend was analyzed by joinpoint regression and expressed in annual percentage variation (VPA [95% CI]), while sociodemographic and behavioral factors were associated in 2007 and 2014 by the generalized linear (log-binomial) model.

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Metabolic Syndrome among Brazilian Adult Population: National Health Survey - 2013.

Background: In Brazil, population-based researches analyzing prevalence and factors associated with metabolic syndrome (MS), a recognized predictor of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and an important cause of disability and death in the country are scarce.

Objective: To evaluate prevalence of MS and its associated factors in Brazilian population.

Methods: Secondary analysis of the 2013 National Health Survey, a cross-sectional survey with national representativeness of Brazilian adult population (n = 59,402).

[Trends and factors associated with food insecurity in Brazil: the National Household Sample Survey, 2004, 2009, and 2013].

The aim of this study was to analyze trends and factors associated with food insecurity in Brazil in 2004, 2009, and 2013, using microdata from the National Household Sample Survey (PNAD). Food insecurity was assessed using the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale. Independent variables were selected from a conceptual model of determination of food insecurity, which was also used in the elaboration of multiple generalized linear models.

Physical activity and nutrition education at the school environment aimed at preventing childhood obesity: evidence from systematic reviews.

Objective: To organize the main findings and list the most frequent recommendations from systematic reviews of interventions developed at the school environment aimed at reducing overweight in children and adolescents.

Data Source: Searches for systematic reviews available until December 31, 2014 were conducted in five electronic databases: Cochrane, PubMed, SciELO, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science. Manual search for cross-references were also performed.

School-based physical activity and nutritional education interventions on body mass index: a meta-analysis of randomised community trials - project PANE.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of school-based physical activity (PA) and nutritional education (NE) interventions on children's and adolescents' body mass index.

Methods: We conducted a systematic search in fourteen databases until September 2012 for randomised controlled trials on PA and NE, conducted in the school setting, and delivered to children and adolescents. Additionally, we performed a cross-reference check in related papers.

The effect of school-based physical activity interventions on body mass index: a meta-analysis of randomized trials.

This study reviewed the effectiveness of school-based physical activity interventions aimed at reducing overweight, obesity and hypertension in children. We searched 14 databases and analyzed studies published between April 2009 and September 2012. Only randomized controlled trials performed at the school level that included elements of physical activity but did not include nutritional co-interventions were analyzed.

The effect of participation in school-based nutrition education interventions on body mass index: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled community trials.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of school-based nutrition education interventions in reducing or preventing overweight and obesity among children and adolescents.

Methods: We conducted a systematic search of 14 databases until May 2010 and cross-reference check in 8 systematic reviews (SRs) for studies published that described randomized controlled trials conducted in schools to reduce or prevent overweight in children and adolescents. An additional search was carried out using PubMed for papers published through May 2012, and no further papers were identified.