Association between underweight status or low body mass index and the risk of developing superior mesenteric artery syndrome following scoliosis corrective surgery in pediatric patients: a review of the literature.

Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome is the compression of the third portion of the duodenum between the abdominal aorta and the superior mesenteric artery. Although multifactorial, the most frequent cause of SMA syndrome is significant weight loss and cachexia often induced by catabolic stress. SMA syndrome resulting from scoliosis surgery is caused by a reduction of the aortomesenteric angle and distance.

Does a dedicated "Scoliosis Team" and surgical standardization improve outcomes in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis surgery and is it reproducible?

Purpose: The objective of this study was to determine if standardization improves adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) surgery outcomes and whether it is transferrable between institutions.

Methods: A retrospective review was conducted of AIS patients operated between 2009 and 2021 at two institutions (IA and IB). Each institution consisted of a non-standardized (NST) and standardized group (ST).

Effect of Pedicle Screw Size on Surgical Outcomes Following Surgery for 412 Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Patients.

Study Design: Retrospective Review.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine differences in surgical and post-operative outcomes in AIS patients undergoing spinal deformity correction surgery using standard or large pedicle screw size.

Summary Of Background: Use of pedicle screw fixation in spinal deformity correction surgery is considered safe and effective.

The Volume-Cost Relationship: How Does Surgical Volume Affect Cost and Value in AIS Surgery.

Study Design: Retrospective review.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare distribution of hospital and operating room charges and outcomes during posterior spinal fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients by high-volume (HV) and standard-volume (SV) surgeons at one institution and examine potential cost savings.

Summary Of Background Data: Increased surgical volume has been associated with improved perioperative outcomes after spinal deformity correction.

Effects of Fellowship Training on Pediatric Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Techniques and Outcomes.

The purpose of this study is to examine differences in pediatric anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) between surgeons with either pediatric or sports medicine fellowship training. Patients were divided into two groups, those performed by either a pediatric or sports medicine fellowship-trained surgeon. One hundred and forty-one patients were identified: 91 (64.

Ambulatory Neuromuscular Scoliosis Patients Have Superior Perioperative Results Than Nonambulatory Neuromuscular Scoliosis Patients and Can Approach Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Outcomes After Posterior Spinal Fusion.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Objective: This study aims to identify differences in perioperative outcomes between ambulatory patients with neuromuscular scoliosis (ANMS) and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) following spinal fusion.

Summary Of Background Data: NMS patients have severe curves with more comorbidities and procedural complexity.

Predicting Autologous Hamstring Graft Diameter in the Pediatric Population Using Preoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Demographic Data.

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction before 18 years of age has been linked with an increased risk for failure when the graft diameter is <8 mm.

Purpose/hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to determine whether autologous hamstring graft size can be reliably predicted with the use of preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements. We hypothesized that the average of multiple axial cross-sectional area MRI measurements for the semitendinosus tendon and gracilis tendon would alone accurately predict graft diameter.

A dual-team approach benefits standard-volume surgeons, but has minimal impact on outcomes for a high-volume surgeon in AIS patients.

Study Design: Retrospective chart review of prospectively collected data.

Objective: This study seeks to evaluate the effect of number of surgeons, surgeon experience, and surgeon volume on AIS surgery. Recent literature suggests that utilizing two surgeons for spine deformity correction surgery can improve perioperative outcomes.

Back-to-Back Surgeries in AIS Patients Can be Performed Safely Without Compromising Radiographic or Perioperative Outcomes: A 10-year Review.

Study Design: A retrospective chart review of prospectively collected data.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether back-to-back scoliosis surgeries can be performed safely without compromising outcomes and the reproducibility of the practice between institutions.

Summary Of Background Data: During the summer, spinal surgeons will often book multiple cases in one day.

Cadaveric Study of the Safety and Device Functionality of Magnetically Controlled Growing Rods After Exposure to Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Study Design: Cadaveric study.

Objective: To establish the safety and efficacy of magnetically controlled growing rods (MCGRs) after magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) exposure.

Summary Of Background Data: MCGRs are new and promising devices for the treatment of early-onset scoliosis (EOS).

A pilot cadaveric study of temperature and adjacent tissue changes after exposure of magnetic-controlled growing rods to MRI.

Purpose: To test for possible thermal injury and tissue damage caused by magnetic-controlled growing rods (MCGRs) during MRI scans.

Methods: Three fresh frozen cadavers were utilized. Four MRI scans were performed: baseline, after spinal hardware implantation, and twice after MCGR implantation.

Uniplanar Versus Taylor Spatial Frame External Fixation For Pediatric Diaphyseal Tibia Fractures: A Comparison of Cost and Complications.

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes and cost variations between uniplanar (UNI) and Taylor Spatial Frame (TSF) external fixation for unstable pediatric tibial diaphyseal fractures.

Methods: We performed an IRB approved, retrospective review of 44 diaphyseal tibial fractures in 42 children treated with external fixation (16 TSF and 28 UNI) between 2003 and 2011, at a single level 1 pediatric trauma center. Data on demographic, clinical, radiographic, treatment cost, and complication differences were analyzed between the 2 groups.

Osteonecrosis After Femoral Neck Fractures in Children and Adolescents: Analysis of Risk Factors.

Background: The most serious complication of femoral neck fractures in children and adolescents is osteonecrosis. Although a number of factors have been implicated in the development of osteonecrosis, no specific cause-and-effect relationship has been determined. The primary purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of osteonecrosis in children and adolescents after femoral neck fractures and to identify risk factors for its development.

Fracture of the radial styloid and concomitant first dorsal compartment musculotendinous injuries.

In the absence of preexisting inflammatory conditions, pure traumatic rupture of the extensor pollicis brevis (EPB) and abductor pollicis longus (APL) tendons are rare injuries. We present a report of 2 cases of extensor tendon ruptures at the musculotendinous junction occurring after concomitant fractures of the radial styloid in patients who were involved in high-energy trauma. The presence of a radial styloid fracture should raise suspicion for a greater spectrum of injury that can contribute to multidirectional instability.

Bioenergetic abnormalities in discrete cerebral motor pathways presage spinal cord pathology in the G93A SOD1 mouse model of ALS.

Multiple cell death pathways are implicated in the etiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), but the cause of the characteristic motor neuron degeneration remains unknown. To determine whether CNS metabolic defects are critical for ALS pathogenesis, we examined the temporal evolution of energetic defects in the G93A SOD1 mouse model of familial ALS. [14C]-2-deoxyglucose in vivo autoradiography in G93A mice showed that glucose utilization is impaired in components of the corticospinal and bulbospinal motor tracts prior to either pathologic or bioenergetic changes in the spinal cord.