Kratom use disorder: case reports on successful treatment with home induction of buprenorphine-naloxone.

Background: Kratom has been used for different reasons such as pain, opioid withdrawal, and relaxation. Kratom can cause dependence and overdose, and it's classified under 'drugs of concern' by the US Drug Enforcement Administration. Despite these concerns, kratom is legal in most of the United States and many countries around the world with easy accessibility.

The International College of Psychosomatic Medicine - a personal history.

This is a history of the International College of Psychosomatic Medicine from 1970 to the present.

An observational study of buprenorphine treatment of the prescription opioid dependent pain patient.

Background And Objectives: In some countries, particularly the United States and Canada, there has been a growing problem of opioid dependence associated with the treatment of chronic pain. Controversy exists regarding the efficacy and safety of opioid therapy, particularly in high doses for extended periods of time. This study reports on the outcome of chronic pain patients treated with buprenorphine in an outpatient psychiatric consultation clinic.

Cautionary guidelines for the use of opioids in chronic pain.

Guidelines for the use of opioids in the treatment of chronic pain have recently been proposed by the American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry. Older guidelines proposed by American pain organizations had the effect of liberalizing opioid prescription. In recent years, dramatic increases in prescribed opioids have been followed by equally dramatic rises in morbidity and mortality from prescription opioids.

The psychology of pain.

Emotional and evaluative issues are very important in the evaluation and treatment of pain. Treating the physical pain alone can leave these issues unresolved, and possibly exacerbate them through reinforcement. Understanding the impact of fear, expectations, and attention can help physicians deal more effectively with acute pain.

Incorporating pain management training into the psychiatry residency curriculum.

Pain management has received increased attention from the medical community, influenced by societal demands for more effective and comprehensive treatment. In fact, the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health Care Organizations requires that physicians consider pain as "the fifth vital sign." It requires that pain severity be documented by using a standardized pain scale.