Predicting bone mineral content from smartphone digital anthropometrics: evaluation of an existing application and the development of new prediction models.

Introduction/background: Bone mineral content (BMC) is most commonly evaluated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), but there are several challenges that limit use of DXA during routine care. Breakthroughs in digital imaging now allow smartphone applications to automate important anthropometrics that can predict several body composition components. However, it is unknown whether the anthropometrics automated using smartphone applications can predict DXA-derived BMC.

Differences in metabolic syndrome severity and prevalence across nine waist circumference measurements collected from smartphone digital anthropometrics.

Background & Aims: Given the technological advances in 3D smartphone (SP) anthropometry, this technique presents a unique opportunity to improve metabolic syndrome (MetS) screening through optimal waist circumference (WC) landmarking procedures. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the associations between individual MetS risk factors and nine independent WC sites collected using tape measurement or SP anthropometrics and to determine the differences in MetS severity and prevalence when using these different WC measurement locations.

Methods: A total of 130 participants (F:74, M:56; age: 27.

Preliminary Evaluation of Self-Reported Training Volume as an Adjunct Measure of Female Athlete Triad Risk in Division 1 Collegiate Female Runners.

: This study tested whether self-reported training volume is predictive of female athlete triad risk collected using an established twelve-question triad screening tool in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I (DI) collegiate female runners. : A total of 319 institutions were initially contacted, seven of which agreed to distribute surveys to their female cross-country and track and field athletes. A total of 41 of 149 respondents completed the survey and met all inclusion criteria.

The Associations between Depression and Sugar Consumption Are Mediated by Emotional Eating and Craving Control in Multi-Ethnic Young Adults.

Background/objectives: Individuals with mental health conditions such as depression are vulnerable to poor dietary habits, potentially due to the maladaptive eating behaviors often used to regulate negative emotion. However, the specific dietary components most associated with depression, as well as the mediating roles of emotion regulation and other eating behaviors, remains ambiguous in young adults.

Methods: For this cross-sectional evaluation, a total of 151 (86 F, 65 M; BMI: 22.

Does a single oral administration of amiloride affect spontaneous arterial baroreflex sensitivity and blood pressure variability in healthy young adults?

Preclinical models indicate that amiloride (AMD) reduces baroreflex sensitivity and perturbs homeostatic blood pressure (BP) regulation. However, it remains unclear whether these findings translate to humans. This study investigated whether oral administration of AMD reduces spontaneous cardiac and sympathetic baroreflex sensitivity and perturbs BP regulation in healthy young humans.

The effect of postural orientation on body composition and total body water estimates produced by smartwatch bioelectrical impedance analysis: an intra- and inter-device evaluation.

Advances in wearable technologies now allow modern smartwatches to collect body composition estimates through bioelectrical impedance techniques embedded within their design. However, this technique is susceptible to increased measurement error when postural changes alter body fluid distribution. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of postural orientation on body composition and total body water (TBW) estimates produced by smartwatch bioelectrical impedance analysis (SWBIA) and determine its agreement with criterion measures.

Hemodynamic responses to the cold pressor test in individuals with metabolic syndrome: a case-control study in a multiracial sample of adults.

Previous research shows that exercise pressor and metaboreflex responses are significantly exaggerated in individuals with metabolic syndrome, but it is unclear if these exaggerated responses extend to the cold pressor test (CPT). This study tested the hypothesis that, contrary to previously reported exaggerated responses during exercise, CPT responses would not be significantly exaggerated in individuals with MetS compared to matched controls. Eleven individuals with MetS and eleven control participants matched by age, race, sex, and ethnicity completed a cardiometabolic prescreening and a CPT.

Measurements of Abdominal Obesity are Associated with Metabolic Syndrome Severity Independent of Hypertensive Phenotype in White but not Black Young Adults.

Purpose: This study sought to determine if metabolic syndrome severity (MetS) was differentially associated with abdominal obesity based on waist circumference (WC) site and the presentation of hypertensive phenotypes in a group of young White and Black adults.

Methods: A total of 139 young adult (22.5 ± 3.

Fat-free mass is associated with exercise pressor responses, but not cold pressor responses, in humans: influence of maximal voluntary contraction.

Objective: This study examined the contributions of fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) to the magnitude of exercise pressor responses in humans.

Methods: The cumulative blood pressure responses (blood pressure index; BPI) to handgrip exercise (BPI), post-exercise-circulatory-occlusion (BPI), and cold-pressor activation (BPI) were collected from 67 individuals grouped by BMI (27.8 ± 7.

Altered Autonomic Function in Metabolic Syndrome: Interactive Effects of Multiple Components.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) describes a set of disorders that collectively influence cardiovascular health, and includes hypertension, obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. All these components (hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia, and prediabetes/diabetes) have been shown to modify autonomic function. The major autonomic dysfunction that has been documented with each of these components is in the control of sympathetic outflow to the heart and periphery at rest and during exercise through modulation of the arterial baroreflex and the muscle metaboreflex.

Smartphone derived anthropometrics: Agreement between a commercially available smartphone application and its parent application intended for use at point-of-care.

Background & Aims: Smartphone applications can now automate body composition and anthropometric measurements remotely, prompting applications intended for use at point-of-care to provide commercially available smartphone applications intended for personal use. However, the agreement between such anthropometrics remain unclear.

Methods: A total of 123 apparently healthy participants (F: 69; M: 54; age: 28.

Conflicting Associations among Bioelectrical Impedance and Cardiometabolic Health Parameters in Young White and Black Adults.

Purpose: The purpose of this cross-sectional evaluation was to determine the associations between raw bioelectrical impedance and cardiometabolic health parameters in a sample of young non-Hispanic White and African American adults.

Methods: A total of 96 (female: 52, male: 44) non-Hispanic White ( n = 45) and African American adults ( n = 51) between the ages of 19 and 37 yr (22.7 ± 3.

Associations between eating behaviors and metabolic syndrome severity in young adults.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a precursor to cardiovascular disease and type II diabetes, is rapidly increasing in young adults. Accordingly, earlier interventions aimed at combating the onset of MetS in young adults are required. However, current behavioral interventions have failed to consider the eating behaviors that precede disease development, likely contributing to the consistently high failure rates of these interventions.

Hemodynamic responses to handgrip and metaboreflex activation are exaggerated in individuals with metabolic syndrome independent of resting blood pressure, waist circumference, and fasting blood glucose.

Prior studies report conflicting evidence regarding exercise pressor and metaboreflex responses in individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS). To test the hypotheses that 1) exercise pressor and metaboreflex responses are exaggerated in MetS and 2) these differences may be explained by elevated resting blood pressure. Blood pressure and heart rate (HR) were evaluated in 26 participants (13 MetS) during 2 min of handgrip exercise followed by 3 min of post-exercise circulatory occlusion (PECO).

Additive influence of exercise pressor reflex activation on Valsalva responses in white and black adults.

Aim: This study aimed to determine if activation of the exercise pressor reflex exerts additive or redundant influences on the autonomic responses to the Valsalva maneuver (VL), and if these responses differ between White and Black or African American (B/AA) individuals.

Methods: Twenty participants (B/AA n = 10, White n = 10) performed three separate experimental trials. In the first trial, participants performed two VLs in a resting condition.

Increased hip flexion gait as an exercise modality for individuals with obesity.

Purpose: Exercise is a critical element for the management of body weight and improvement of quality of life of individuals with obesity. Due to its convenience and accessibility, running is a commonly used exercise modality to meet exercise guidelines. However, the weight-bearing component during high impacts of this exercise modality might limit the participation in exercise and reduce the effectiveness of running-based exercise interventions in individuals with obesity.

Agreement between multiparametric MRI (PIVOT), Doppler ultrasound, and near-infrared spectroscopy-based assessments of skeletal muscle oxygenation and perfusion.

Unlabelled: Skeletal muscle perfusion and oxygenation are commonly evaluated using Doppler ultrasound and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) techniques. However, a recently developed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequence, termed PIVOT, permits the simultaneous collection of skeletal muscle perfusion and T2* (an index of skeletal muscle oxygenation).

Purpose: To determine the level of agreement between PIVOT, Doppler ultrasound, and NIRS-based assessments of skeletal muscle perfusion and oxygenation.

Aortic stiffness increases during prolonged sitting independent of intermittent standing or prior exercise.

Introduction: Adverse vascular responses can occur during prolonged sitting, including stiffening of the aortic artery which may contribute to cardiovascular disease. Few studies have investigated the impact of intermittent standing and/or prior exercise as strategies to attenuate these potentially deleterious vascular changes.

Purpose: To investigate central vascular health responses during prolonged sitting, with and without intermittent standing and/or prior exercise.

Associations between visceral adipose tissue estimates produced by near-infrared spectroscopy, mobile anthropometrics, and traditional body composition assessments and estimates derived from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.

Assessments of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) are critical in preventing metabolic disorders; however, there are limited measurement methods that are accurate and accessible for VAT. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the association between VAT estimates from consumer-grade devices and traditional anthropometrics and VAT and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Data were collected from 182 participants (female = 114; White = 127; Black/African-American (BAA) = 48) which included anthropometrics and indices of VAT produced by near-infrared reactance spectroscopy (NIRS), visual body composition (VBC) and multifrequency BIA (MFBIA).

A 10-mg dose of amiloride increases time to failure during blood-flow-restricted plantar flexion in healthy adults without influencing blood pressure.

Amiloride has been shown to inhibit acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs), which contribute to ischemia-related muscle pain during exercise. The purpose of this study was to determine if a single oral dose of amiloride would improve exercise tolerance and attenuate blood pressure during blood-flow-restricted (BFR) exercise in healthy adults. Ten subjects (4 females) performed isometric plantar flexion exercise with BFR (30% maximal voluntary contraction) after ingesting either a 10-mg dose of amiloride or a volume-matched placebo (random order).

Diffusion tensor imaging indices of acute muscle damage are augmented after exercise in peripheral arterial disease.

Purpose: Although it is known that peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is associated with chronic myopathies, the acute muscular responses to exercise in this population are less clear. This study used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to compare acute exercise-related muscle damage between PAD patients and healthy controls.

Methods: Eight PAD patients and seven healthy controls performed graded plantar flexion in the bore of a 3T MRI scanner.