[Benign recurrent 6th nerve palsy].

Benign recurrent sixth nerve palsy is a rare phenomenon, and the majority of reported cases suffer from their first episode in early childhood. In this case report, we present a benign recurrent isolated left 6th nerve palsy in a nine-year-old boy. All episodes were precipitated by an upper respiratory tract infection and resolved within 2-3 weeks.

Prism adaptation versus conventional orthoptic measurement for symptomatic esophoria: a retrospective study.

Symptomatic esophoria (SE) is a latent esodeviation that progresses into a manifest esotropia, causing substantial discomfort such as diplopia, headaches, and asthenopia. Surgery for esophoria is prone to undercorrection, necessitating repeated interventions. Addition of preoperative prism adaptation testing (PAT) reveals significantly larger angles of deviation (AOD).

Proteomic analysis of diabetic retinopathy identifies potential plasma-protein biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis.

Objectives: To identify molecular pathways and prognostic- and diagnostic plasma-protein biomarkers for diabetic retinopathy at various stages.

Methods: This exploratory, cross-sectional proteomics study involved plasma from 68 adults, including 15 healthy controls and 53 diabetes patients for various stages of diabetic retinopathy: non-diabetic retinopathy, non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, proliferative diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema. Plasma was incubated with peptide library beads and eluted proteins were tryptic digested, analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass-spectrometry followed by bioinformatics.

[Not Available].

Strabismus is a common condition affecting both children and adults. Strabismus patients may experience double vision, abnormal head position and loss of stereovision. The psychosocial negative impact of strabismus may be severe, affect self-esteem, social relationships, and job opportunities.

Botulinum Toxin A Injection for Convergence Insufficiency.

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of botulinum toxin A injection in one or both lateral rectus muscles in patients with convergence insufficiency previously managed with non-surgical and/or surgical options other than botulinum toxin A injection.

Methods: All patients with symptomatic convergence insufficiency treated with botulinum toxin A injection to one or both lateral rectus muscles from 2013 to 2018 at the Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, Copenhagen University Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. All patients had near symptoms and were previously treated with a combination of convergence exercises, prisms, and/or surgery.

Laser pointer maculopathy - on the rise?

Purpose: To report symptoms and ocular pathology in 13 patients exposed to light from laser pointers.

Methods: We conducted a multi-centre consecutive case series from eight ophthalmology departments.

Results: Eleven boys aged 9-15 years and two girls aged 7 (sister of one of the aforementioned boys) and 12 years, respectively, were included.

The Forgotten Syndrome? Four Cases of Gradenigo's Syndrome and a Review of the Literature.

Background: Gradenigo's Syndrome (GS) is defined as the clinical triad of acute otitis media, ipsilateral sixth nerve palsy, and pain in the distribution of the first and the second branches of the fifth nerve. The purpose of this study is to review the literature and report 4 cases of GS.

Methods: The study is a retrospective case series and a review of the literature.

Sustained improvement of reading symptoms following botulinum toxin A injection for convergence insufficiency.

Introduction: We evaluated the use of botulinum toxin A in adults with convergence insufficiency in whom prior treatment had failed.

Methods: We studied 8 patients (median age 36 years, range 17 to 77 years) with reading symptoms due to convergence insufficiency defined as an exodeviation greater at near, not exceeding 10 PD in the distance measured by prism and alternate cover test, and either convergence near point>6 cm or reduced fusional amplitudes. All patients were still symptomatic after prior treatment by convergence exercises (n=8), base-in prism glasses (n=5) or strabismus surgery (n=2).

33 cases of airsoft gun pellet ocular injuries in Copenhagen, Denmark, 1998-2002.

Purpose: To evaluate the incidence and ocular effects of blunt trauma due to injury from airsoft gun pellets.

Methods: We conducted a non-comparative case series based on the files of 33 patients who suffered ocular injury from airsoft guns and were admitted to one university emergency eye clinic in Copenhagen during a 5-year period.

Results: A total of 33 eyes in 33 patients were examined.