Comparison of cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors in professional baseball players versus professional football players.

In 2006, a newspaper report indicated an increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease and early mortality in retired professional football players compared to professional baseball players. This study included 69 professional football players from a 2008 National Football League training camp and 155 professional baseball players from an American League 2009 spring training site who volunteered to participate in a study of cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors. The prevalence of body mass index > or =30 kg/m(2), waist circumference > or =100 cm, waist/height ratio >0.

Instrumented examination of anterior cruciate ligament injuries: minimizing flaws of the manual clinical examination.

The clinical examination is a basic language of orthopaedics; it is how orthopaedic surgeons communicate with one another. However, each surgeon speaks a different dialect that has been influenced by where and with whom that surgeon trained, as well as that person's own experiences. Because of the inherent variability in the magnitude, direction, and rate of force application during the clinical examination, manual arthrometers were developed in an attempt to more consistently quantify the clinical examination.

Long-term durability of autologous chondrocyte implantation: a multicenter, observational study in US patients.

Background: Autologous chondrocyte implantation for full-thickness lesions of the distal femur has demonstrated good short- to midterm clinical improvement. However, long-term durability (>5 years) of autologous chondrocyte implantation has not been evaluated in US patients to date.

Hypothesis: Patients who improve from baseline to early follow-up will sustain improvement at later follow-up.

Elevated alanine aminotransferase in current national football league players: correlation with cardiometabolic syndrome markers, obesity, and insulin resistance.

Objectives: Media reports suggest increased cardiovascular mortality in former National Football League (NFL) players. We previously demonstrated that current heavier players already have cardiometabolic syndrome markers: blood pressure (BP) >or=130/85 mm Hg, fasting glucose >or=100 mg/dL, triglycerides >or=150 mg/dL, waist circumference >or=100 cm, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)
Methods: A prospective study including 69 of 91active players (76%) from one NFL team was performed.

Cardiometabolic abnormalities in current National Football League players.

Media reports suggested an increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease and premature death in former National Football League (NFL) players. The prevalence of cardiometabolic syndrome was determined in current active NFL players. The presence of cardiometabolic syndrome was defined as > or =3 of (1) blood pressure > or =130/85 mm Hg, (2) fasting glucose > or =100 mg/dl, (3) triglycerides > or =150 mg/dl, (4) waist circumference > or =100 cm, and (5) high-density lipoprotein cholesterol < or =40 mg/dl.

Relation of race to electrocardiographic patterns in elite American football players.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to establish an electrocardiographic (ECG) profile in a biracial population of highly-trained American football players.

Background: Intense physical training can induce cardiac structural and functional changes ("athlete's heart"), including 12-lead ECG alterations. That race might play a role in determining ECG patterns has been suggested, although not studied in a large athletic population comparing black and white athletes.

Treatment outcomes of autologous chondrocyte implantation for full-thickness articular cartilage defects of the trochlea.

Background: The treatment of trochlear cartilage lesions is challenging given the likely presence of other patellofemoral joint pathologies, the topography of the area, and the limited available treatment options. Only 1 other study has examined the effectiveness of autologous chondrocyte implantation for lesions of the patellofemoral joint.

Hypothesis: Patients treated with autologous chondrocyte implantation for moderate to large isolated lesions located on the trochlea will report improvement in the modified overall condition scale score of the Cincinnati Knee Rating System at a minimum 2-year follow-up.

Articular cartilage defects of the distal femur in children and adolescents: treatment with autologous chondrocyte implantation.

Purpose: Procedures aimed at biologically repairing cartilage injuries may have the greatest potential benefit in young patients because of their long-life expectancy and high-functional demands. Most cartilage-repair studies focus on older patient populations. This study assesses the outcomes of patients who were treated with autologous chondrocyte implantation before the age of 18.

Autologous chondrocyte implantation versus debridement for treatment of full-thickness chondral defects of the knee: an observational cohort study with 3-year follow-up.

Background: Studies that compare the effectiveness of different cartilage repair treatments are needed to update treatment algorithms.

Hypothesis: Autologous chondrocyte implantation provides greater improvement in overall condition score than does debridement at a minimum of 3 years' follow-up.

Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Clinical outcome of autologous chondrocyte implantation at 5 years in US subjects.

Unlabelled: Peterson's pioneering experience with the first clinical application of autologous chondrocyte implantation showed improvement in clinical outcomes, durable as much as 11 years, for a difficult patient population. An assessment of the general applicability of this technology in the United States requires long-term, multicenter followup. The purpose of this multicenter cohort study was to assess the clinical outcomes of patients treated with autologous chondrocyte implantation for lesions of the distal femur.

Jones fractures in the elite football player.

The Jones fracture, defined as a proximal junctional metaphyseal/diaphyseal fracture of the fifth metatarsal, presents a challenge to the orthopaedic surgeon, especially in the competitive athlete. The purpose of this study is to characterize the Jones fracture in the elite athletic community and review the variety of treatments for these fractures in the National Football League (NFL). Between 1988 and 2002, 4758 elite collegiate football players participated in the NFL Combine.