Endovascular covered stent graft repair by through-and-through snaring of an acute traumatic femoral-femoral arteriovenous fistula following a gunshot wound.

Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) formation after penetrating injury underscores a rare and challenging complication of vascular trauma. Traumatic AVFs have various clinical presentations and reported methods of repair. Although open surgical repair is the most frequently used method of repair, the advancement of endovascular techniques has been increasingly used during the past 3 decades.

Pseudoaneurysms of the Peripheral Arteries.

Peripheral arterial pseudoaneurysm, while relatively rare, are encountered by most vascular specialists. This review evaluates the epidemiology, diagnosis, natural history, and treatment of pseudoaneurysm in the peripheral arteries. Most of this review concentrates on iatrogenic peripheral pseudoaneurysms, but pseudoaneurysms of other etiologies will also be discussed.

Peroneal bypass versus endovascular peroneal intervention for critical limb ischemia.

Objective: The peroneal artery is a well-established target for bypass in patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI). The objective of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of peroneal artery revascularization in terms of wound healing and limb salvage in patients with CLI.

Methods: Patients presenting between 2006 and 2013 with CLI (Rutherford 4-6) and isolated peroneal runoff were included in the study.

Heel Wounds Predict Mortality but Not Amputation after Infrapopliteal Revascularization.

Background: Ischemic heel ulcerations are generally thought to carry a poor prognosis for limb salvage. We hypothesized that patients undergoing infrapopliteal revascularization for heel wounds, either bypass or endovascular intervention, would have lower wound healing rates and amputation-free survival (AFS) than patients with forefoot wounds.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed on patients who presented between 2006 and 2013 to our institution with ischemic foot wounds and infrapopliteal arterial disease and underwent either pedal bypass or endovascular tibial artery intervention.

Prior Endovascular Intervention Is Not Detrimental to Pedal Bypasses for Ischemic Wounds.

Background: Endovascular strategies are often preferred for revascularization of ischemic foot wounds secondary to infrapopliteal disease because of the less invasive technique and faster recovery. Bypass is typically reserved for failures or lesions not amenable to balloon angioplasty. However, the effects of an endovascular-first approach on subsequent bypass grafts are largely unknown.

Bypass versus endovascular intervention for healing ischemic foot wounds secondary to tibial arterial disease.

Objective: Pedal (inframalleolar) bypass is a long-standing therapy for tibial arterial disease in patients with ischemic tissue loss. Endovascular tibial intervention is an appealing alternative with lower risks of perioperative mortality or complications. Our objective was to compare the effectiveness of these two treatment modalities with respect to patency and limb-related clinical outcomes.

Cephalic vein transposition is a durable approach to managing cephalic arch stenosis.

Introduction: The proximal cephalic vein that enters the axillary vein (cephalic arch) is a common site of stenosis in patients with upper extremity arteriovenous fistulas for hemodialysis (HD). In this study, we present the outcomes of a series of cephalic vein transposition, to determine its utility in the setting of refractory arch stenosis.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of patients undergoing cephalic vein transposition to manage refractory cephalic arch stenosis from January 1, 2008 to August 31, 2015.

Preoperative antiplatelet use does not increase incidence of bleeding after major operations.

Background: This study examined the outcomes of patients holding or continuing clopidogrel during the preoperative period.

Methods: We reviewed all patients taking clopidogrel who underwent one of 72 different Current Procedural Terminology code procedures, representing major emergency and elective general thoracic and vascular operations from 2009-2012 at a single institution. Demographics, comorbidities, aspirin use, details of coronary stents, and perioperative events were collected.

Calf muscle venous thrombosis: a review of the clinical implications and therapy.

Calf muscle veins have been demonstrated to be one of the most frequent areas that develop deep venous thrombosis (DVT), both as an isolated finding and in combination with proximal DVT. Calf muscle venous thrombosis (CMVT) has been shown to be more frequently associated with localized calf tenderness, and when left untreated, a proportion tend to propagate proximally and may lead to pulmonary embolism. Imaging with duplex venous scanning is fairly sensitive in the diagnosis of CMVT.

Tibial osteochondroma inducing popliteal artery compression.

Compression of the neurovascular contents of the popliteal fossa is a rare condition that leads to exercise-induced pain and paresthesias in young athletes. Most frequently, it is caused by musculotendinous abnormalities resulting in popliteal entrapment syndrome. Bony abnormalities rarely are implicated but can produce symptoms that mimic popliteal entrapment syndrome.

MicroRNA from pancreatic duct aspirate differentiates cystic lesions of the pancreas.

Introduction: Prognostication for cystic neoplasms of the pancreas continues to evolve. Beyond simple size and cystic fluid CEA determination, microRNA (miRNA) detection holds great promise as molecular diagnostics for cancer risk. In this study, we sought to identify miRNAs that could predict malignant potential of pancreatic cystic lesions.

Concomitant dysregulation of microRNAs miR-151-3p and miR-126 correlates with improved survival in resected cholangiocarcinoma.

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding genes which become dysregulated in cancer and may predict survival. The role of miRNAs in outcomes in cholangiocarcinoma (CC) has not been reported.

Methods: RNA was extracted from 32 resected CCs along with adjacent uninvolved bile duct epithelium.

Best radiological response to trans-arterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma does not imply better outcomes.

Introduction: Regional therapy with trans-arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is a common treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Outcomes were examined in patients with the best radiological response (BR) after the initial TACE.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent TACE as the initial treatment for HCC between the years 2000 and 2010.

A scoring system for the prognosis and treatment of malignant bowel obstruction.

Background: Malignant bowel obstruction is a common result of end-stage abdominal cancer that is a treatment dilemma for many physicians. Little has been reported predicting outcomes or determining the role of surgical intervention. We sought to review our experience with surgical and nonsurgical management of malignant bowel obstruction to identify predictors of 30-day mortality and of who would most likely benefit from surgical intervention.

A survey of US dental practices' use of social media.

Aim: Social media is becoming the way for businesses, including health care professionals, to communicate with consumers. The study examines the use of social media by dental practices in the US.

Materials And Methods: An electronic survey was sent to 22,682 dentists in the United States.

The role of microRNAs in human liver cancers.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary malignancy of the liver of global importance. Recent studies of the expression and role of microRNA (miRNA) in HCC are providing new insights into disease pathogenesis. In addition, therapeutic efforts targeting specific miRNAs are being evaluated in animal models of HCC.

MicroRNA replacement therapy for cancer.

MicroRNA are small noncoding RNAs that translationally repress their target messenger RNAs. Many microRNAs are expressed at reduced levels in tumors. microRNAs with reduced expression in cancer often regulate oncogenes, resulting in enhanced tumor growth.

miR-132 and miR-212 are increased in pancreatic cancer and target the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor.

Numerous microRNAs (miRNAs) are reported as differentially expressed in cancer, however the consequence of miRNA deregulation in cancer is unknown for many miRNAs. We report that two miRNAs located on chromosome 17p13, miR-132 and miR-212, are over-expressed in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tissues. Both miRNAs are predicted to target the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor, Rb1.

miR-199a-3p targets CD44 and reduces proliferation of CD44 positive hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines.

Previous work by us and others reported decreased expression of miR-199a-3p in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues compared to adjacent benign tissue. We report here a significant reduction of miR-199a-3p expression in 7 HCC cell lines. To determine if miR-199a-3p has a tumor suppressive role, pre-miR-199a-3p oligonucleotides were transfected into the HCC cell lines.

Ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors reduce atherosclerosis in a double-injury rabbit model.

Atheroproliferative disorders such as atherosclerosis are an important health problem and one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Minimally invasive therapeutic procedures, including angioplasty with stent deployment, are used frequently for obstructive coronary artery disease. However, restenosis, a proliferative vascular response, is a common sequela to this procedure.

Inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase reduces neointimal formation following balloon injury.

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) has greatly benefited patients with occluded coronary arteries, but its benefits have been undermined by a high incidence of restenosis. The introduction of coronary stents has significantly improved the short and long term outcome but restenosis still occurs in approximately 15 to 30% of patients within 6 months. Research efforts are now being directed toward combination stenting and drug delivery.

Biomechanical analysis of humeral diaphyseal segmental defect fixation.

With disseminated malignancies, segmental defects of the humeral diaphysis may occur from surgical resection or as a complication of failed prior internal fixation. This study directly compared the biomechanical properties of a second generation titanium modular intercalary humeral spacer (segmental defect replacement prosthesis) with those of a modern locked humeral nail combined with methylmethacrylate (intramedullary nail) or with an intercalary allograft spacer (allograft nail composite) for fixation of segmental defects of the humeral diaphysis. Eighteen matched pairs (36 specimens) of fresh-frozen humeri were prepared in a standard fashion to create a 5-cm middiaphyseal defect and were divided randomly into three groups of 12 specimens each, using three different reconstructive methods.