Persistence of OXA-48-producing ST-22 in patients and the hospital environment, Paris, France, 2016 to 2022.

In 2016-2019, hospital A's haematology ward experienced an outbreak of OXA-48-producing ST-22 strains, with toilets identified as source of transmission. Between 2020 and 2022, 28 strains of OXA-48-producing ST-22 were isolated on other wards. This study aimed to determine whether all OXA-48-producing ST-22 strains belonged to the same clone and to investigate the persistence of this clone using whole genome sequencing.

Ampicillin-susceptible infections: clinical features, causal clades, and contribution of MALDI-TOF to early detection.

a common resident of the human gastrointestinal tract, is also a major pathogen. Prompt initiation of appropriate treatment is essential to improve patient outcome in disseminated infections. However, ampicillin resistance is frequent in this species, rendering treatment difficult.

Mode of delivery after labor induction with vaginal dinoprostone versus oral misoprostol for women with unfavorable cervix at term.

Objective: To compare the delivery mode after labor induction with 10 mg vaginal dinoprostone insert versus oral misoprostol 50 µg/4 h for women with an unfavorable cervix.

Material And Methods: This is a retrospective observational study comparing the before/after introduction of oral misoprostol for labor induction, conducted at the Saint-Étienne University Hospital on a cohort of 396 women with a Bishop score <6. One hundred and twelve women (28.

Investigation of a catheter-related bloodstream infection in an oncology unit.

We describe a case of healthcare-associated bloodstream infection due to . Whole-genome sequencing showed that the same strain was isolated from the shared shower water of the unit. Nontuberculous mycobacteria frequently contaminate hospital water networks.

Novel modelling approaches to predict the role of antivirals in reducing influenza transmission.

To aid understanding of the effect of antiviral treatment on population-level influenza transmission, we used a novel pharmacokinetic-viral kinetic transmission model to test the correlation between nasal viral load and infectiousness, and to evaluate the impact that timing of treatment with the antivirals oseltamivir or baloxavir has on influenza transmission. The model was run under three candidate profiles whereby infectiousness was assumed to be proportional to viral titer on a natural-scale, log-scale, or dose-response model. Viral kinetic profiles in the presence and absence of antiviral treatment were compared for each individual (N = 1000 simulated individuals); subsequently, viral transmission mitigation was calculated.

Environmental severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) contamination in hospital rooms during the first and third coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) waves.

We investigated the frequency, distribution, and risk factors of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) environmental contamination around infected patients during the first and third wave of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. The shedding of SARS-CoV-2 in rooms of infected patients was limited in our hospital setting.

Gut Microbiota Diversity of Preterm Neonates Is Associated With Colonization.

In adults, infections are associated with alterations of the intestinal bacterial populations. Although preterm neonates (PN) are frequently colonized by , limited data are available regarding the relationship between and the intestinal microbiota of this specific population. Therefore, we studied the intestinal microbiota of PN from two multicenter cohorts using high-throughput sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene.

A Pharmacokinetics-Time to Alleviation of Symptoms Model to Support Extrapolation of Baloxavir Marboxil Clinical Efficacy in Different Ethnic Groups with Influenza A or B.

Baloxavir marboxil, the prodrug of baloxavir acid, is an anti-influenza antiviral. Here, a pharmacokinetics-time to alleviation of symptoms (PK-TTAS) model was developed and used to (I) characterize the PK-TTAS relationship, (II) quantify the impact of covariates, and (III) predict TTAS in different ethnic groups. Data from 1781 otherwise-healthy (OwH) or high-risk (HR) patients included in phase II (JapicCTI-153090) and III studies (NCT02954354 and NCT02949011) were used; patients received either placebo or oral baloxavir marboxil.

DspA/E-Triggered Non-Host Resistance against Depends on the Arabidopsis Gene.

DspA/E is a type three effector injected by the pathogenic bacterium inside plant cells. In non-host , DspA/E inhibits seed germination, root growth, de novo protein synthesis and triggers localized cell death. To better understand the mechanisms involved, we performed EMS mutagenesis on a transgenic line, 13-1-2, containing an inducible gene.

Pharmacokinetics, safety, and simulated efficacy of an influenza treatment, baloxavir marboxil, in Chinese individuals.

Baloxavir marboxil is an endonuclease inhibitor indicated for the treatment of influenza in patients ≥12 years. No data exist for Chinese patients in global studies. This randomized, open-label, phase I study evaluated the pharmacokinetics (PK) and safety of baloxavir marboxil in healthy Chinese volunteers and was used to anticipate efficacy in Chinese patients.

Cutaneous diphtheria: three case-reports to discuss determinants of re-emergence in resource-rich settings.

Diphtheria is a re-emerging disease in resource-rich settings. We here report three cases of cutaneous diphtheria diagnosed and managed in our infectious disease department and discuss the determinants of its re-emergence. Migration, travel and vaccine scepticism are key factors not only for diphtheria re-emergence, but for the future of most preventable diseases.

Dosing regimen optimisation for oseltamivir in immunocompromised paediatric patients with influenza: Extrapolation of efficacy.

Aims: To optimise the dosing regimen of oseltamivir for immunocompromised (IC) paediatric patients (<18 years) with influenza, we used an extrapolation approach alongside clinical data.

Methods: Efficacy was extrapolated from adult IC patients to paediatric IC patients by leveraging existing efficacy, safety, pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic (PD), and disease-progression models of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate (OC). Data of IC paediatric patients from two studies (NV25719 and NV20234) were included in the population PK (n = 30), PK/PD analysis (n = 22) and disease modelling approach (n = 36).

Plant nitrate supply regulates Erwinia amylovora virulence gene expression in Arabidopsis.

We showed previously that nitrogen (N) limitation decreases Arabidopsis resistance to Erwinia amylovora (Ea). We show that decreased resistance to bacteria in low N is correlated with lower apoplastic reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and lower jasmonic acid (JA) pathway expression. Consistently, pretreatment with methyl jasmonate (Me-JA) increased the resistance of plants grown under low N.

LPMO-oxidized cellulose oligosaccharides evoke immunity in Arabidopsis conferring resistance towards necrotrophic fungus B. cinerea.

Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenases (LPMOs) are powerful redox enzymes able to oxidatively cleave recalcitrant polysaccharides. Widely conserved across biological kingdoms, LPMOs of the AA9 family are deployed by phytopathogens to deconstruct cellulose polymers. In response, plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to sense cell wall damage and thus self-triggering Damage Triggered Immunity responses.

Outbreak of OXA-48-producing Enterobacterales in a haematological ward associated with an uncommon environmental reservoir, France, 2016 to 2019.

The hospital water environment, including the wastewater drainage system, is increasingly reported as a potential reservoir for carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE). We investigated a persistent outbreak of OXA-48 CPE (primarily ) in a haematological ward of a French teaching hospital by epidemiological, microbiological and environmental methods. Between January 2016 and June 2019, we detected 37 new OXA-48 CPE-colonised and/or ‑infected patients in the haematological ward.

Impact of colonization pressure on acquisition of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales and meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in two intensive care units: a 19-year retrospective surveillance.

Background: Colonization pressure is a risk factor for intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired multi-drug-resistant organisms (MDROs).

Aim: To measure the long-term respective impact of colonization pressure on ICU-acquired extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-PE) and meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).

Methods: All patients admitted to two ICUs (medical and surgical) between January 1997 and December 2015 were included in this retrospective observational study.

Patronus is the elusive plant securin, preventing chromosome separation by antagonizing separase.

Chromosome distribution at anaphase of mitosis and meiosis is triggered by separase, an evolutionarily conserved protease. Separase must be tightly regulated to prevent the untimely release of chromatid cohesion and disastrous chromosome distribution defects. Securin is the key inhibitor of separase in animals and fungi, but has not been identified in other eukaryotic lineages.

Surgical field and skin preparation.

Surgical site infection (SSI) is the third most frequent healthcare-associated infection in France. SSI rates in total hip or knee replacement are around 2%. The main bacteria implicated in SSI in clean surgery are those of the skin flora, whence the importance of skin preparation to eliminate transient flora and reduce resident flora.

Prevalence of carriage of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing enterobacteria and associated factors in a French hospital.

Objectives: Our aim was to evaluate the prevalence and associated factors for carriage of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing enterobacteria (ESBL-PE) in a healthcare facility.

Methods: In 2016 a serial cross-sectional survey of ESBL-PE carriage in a French university hospital was conducted. All patients present on the day of the survey were screened for ESBL-PE carriage.

[French recommendations on control measures to reduce the infectious risk in immunocompromised patients].

The increase use of immunosuppressive treatments in patients with solid cancer and/or inflammatory diseases requires revisiting our practices for the prevention of infectious risk in the care setting. A review of the literature by a multidisciplinary working group at the beginning of 2014 wished to answer the following 4 questions to improve healthcare immunocompromised patients: (I) How can we define immunocompromised patients with high, intermediate and low infectious risk, (II) which air treatment should be recommended for this specific population? (III) What additional precautions should be recommended for immunocompromised patients at risk for infection? (IV) Which global environmental control should be recommended? Based on data from the literature and using the GRADE method, we propose 15 recommendations that could help to reduce the risk of infection in these exposed populations.

Healthcare workers' knowledge and perceptions of the risks associated with emerging extensively drug-resistant bacteria.

Objective: Guidelines have been issued in 2010 to prevent the spread of emerging extensively resistant bacteria (eXDR), but their implementation is difficult. We aimed to evaluate healthcare workers' (HCW) knowledge and their risk perception to identify barriers to the implementation of guidelines.

Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted at a University Hospital, where case patients are regularly admitted.

Surgical site infection with extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae after cardiac surgery: incidence and risk factors.

Objective: To determine the incidence, microbiology and risk factors for sternal wound infection (SWI) with extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) following cardiac surgery.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis between January 2006 and December 2015 of prospective surveillance of a cohort of patients with cardiac surgery at a single centre (Paris, France). SWI was defined as the need for reoperation due to sternal infection.