The Natural Course of , and in Pregnant and Post-Delivery Women in Pemba Island, Tanzania.

This study aimed to determine the persistence of (CT), (NG), (TV) and (MG) infections during pregnancy and after delivery in vaginal swabs of women from Pemba Island, Tanzania. In the context of an earlier biobanking effort, vaginal swabs were collected at two timepoints during pregnancy and once post-delivery. Detection of CT, NG, TV, and MG was performed by PCR using validated detection kits in samples from 441 pregnant women aged 16-48 years old.

The Prevalence of and Three Other Non-Viral Sexually Transmitted Infections among Pregnant Women in Pemba Island Tanzania.

Efforts to map the burden of infections globally have shown a high prevalence of genital infections, including , in sub-Saharan Africa. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the prevalence of selected non-viral genital infections among pregnant women in Pemba Island, Tanzania. Vaginal swabs were collected during pregnancy and stored in eNAT buffer.

Antibody Testing in Estimating Past Exposure to C in the Netherlands Chlamydia Cohort Study.

The asymptomatic course of (CT) infections can result in underestimated CT lifetime prevalence. Antibody testing might improve this estimate. We assessed CT antibody positivity and predictive factors thereof in the Netherlands Chlamydia Cohort Study.

Specific polymorphisms in the vitamin D metabolism pathway are not associated with susceptibility to Chlamydia trachomatis infection in humans.

Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common sexually transmitted bacterium worldwide. Its often asymptomatic course of infection increases chances of transmission, and increases risk of late complications. Genetic variations in the host immune system are known to impact the course of infections.

TLR2, TLR4 and TLR9 genotypes and haplotypes in the susceptibility to and clinical course of Chlamydia trachomatis infections in Dutch women.

Chlamydia trachomatis infections demonstrate remarkable differences in clinical course that are approximately 40% based on host genetic variation. Here, we study the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and their haplotypes in TLR2, TLR4 and TLR9 (TLR2 +2477G>A; TLR2 -16934T>A; TLR4+896A>G; TLR9 -1237T>C and TLR9 +2848G>A) in relation to the susceptibility to, and severity of C. trachomatis infections.

Serovar D and E of serogroup B induce highest serological responses in urogenital Chlamydia trachomatis infections.

Background: Chlamydia trachomatis is the most prevalent bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI) worldwide. A strong link between C. trachomatis serogroup/serovar and serological response has been suggested in a previous preliminary study.

Interruption of CXCL13-CXCR5 axis increases upper genital tract pathology and activation of NKT cells following chlamydial genital infection.

Background: Regulation of immune responses is critical for controlling inflammation and disruption of this process can lead to tissue damage. We reported that CXCL13 was induced in fallopian tube tissue following C. trachomatis infection.

Anal lymphogranuloma venereum infection screening with IgA anti-Chlamydia trachomatis-specific major outer membrane protein serology.

Background: Anal lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) infections, caused by Chlamydia trachomatis biovar L (Ct+/LGV+), are endemic among men who have sex with men (MSM). Anal non-LGV biovar Ct infections (Ct+/LGV-) can be eradicated with 1 week doxycycline, whereas Ct+/LGV+ infections require 3-week doxycycline. To differentiate Ct+/LGV+ from Ct+/LGV- infections, biovar-specific Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (NAAT) are standard, but also expensive and laborious.

Delayed microbial cure of lymphogranuloma venereum proctitis with doxycycline treatment.

Microbial cure of chlamydia proctitis (lymphogranuloma venereum [LGV] and non-LGV) with doxycycline treatment was evaluated by chlamydia DNA and RNA persistence in anal swab specimens. In LGV proctitis, RNA persisted for up to 16 days. In non-LGV chlamydia proctitis, DNA was undetectable after 7 days.

The CD14 functional gene polymorphism -260 C>T is not involved in either the susceptibility to Chlamydia trachomatis infection or the development of tubal pathology.

Background: The functional polymorphism -260 C>T in the LPS sensing TLR4 co-receptor CD14 gene enhances the transcriptional activity and results in a higher CD14 receptor density. Individuals carrying the T/T genotype also have significantly higher serum levels of soluble CD14. The T allele of this polymorphism has recently been linked to Chlamydia pneumoniae infection.

Interleukin-1B (IL-1B) and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RN) gene polymorphisms are not associated with tubal pathology and Chlamydia trachomatis-related tubal factor subfertility.

Background: Chlamydia trachomatis infections have been associated with tubal pathology. However, not all C.trachomatis-infected women actually develop tubal pathology.