Mechanism of Anti-Salmonella Rabbit Immunoglobulin Adsorption on Polymer Particles.

The adsorption of anti-Salmonella rabbit immunoglobulin (IgaR) on negatively charged polymer particles leading to the formation of immunolatex was studied using various techniques comprising atomic force microscopy (AFM) and laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV). Initially, the basic physicochemical properties of IgaR molecules and the particles, inter alia their electrophoretic mobilities, the zeta potentials and hydrodynamic diameters, were determined under different ionic strengths and pHs. Applying AFM, single immunoglobulin molecules adsorbed on mica were also imaged, which allowed to determine their size.

Kinetics of Immunolatex Deposition at Abiotic Surfaces under Flow Conditions: Towards Quantitative Agglutination Assays.

Physicochemical properties of immunolatex, prepared by incubation of negatively charged polystyrene microparticles with polyclonal rabbit IgGs, were determined by a variety of experimental techniques. These comprised dynamic light scattering (DLS), laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The particle diffusion coefficient, the hydrodynamic diameter, the electrophoretic mobility, the zeta potential and the suspension stability were determined as a function of pH for different ionic strengths.

Diagnostic Value of Serological Tests Against Verotoxigenic Escherichia coli in Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome in Children.

Background: Diarrhea-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS D+) caused by verotoxigenic E. coli strains (VTEC) is a major cause of acute kidney injury in children between 1 and 5 years of age. Because of the short presence of VTEC in the gastrointestinal tract as well as difficulties with the detection of the verotoxigenic strain, identification of HUS etiology might be challenging.

Results of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype identification by Salmonella Check&Trace microarray in international External Quality Assurance Systems.

Introduction: Traditionally Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotypes are identified by slide agglutination with specific antisera for somatic, flagellar and sometimes capsular antigens. An alternative way is genoserotyping using for example a microarray, eg.

Usefulness of the (GTG)4-PCR for typing of monophasic Salmonella enterica isolates with antigenic shame l,4,[5],12:i:-.

Introduction: Monophasic Salmonella enterica strains presenting the antigenic shame 1,4,[5],12:i:- are becoming more prevalent. Accurate identification of such strains is hard with routine using biochemical and serological tests. Such strains can be identified with molecular tests.

Molecular Methods for Identification of Monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium Strains.

Two molecular biology methods were used to differentiate Salmonella enterica 1,4,[5],12:i:- strains: "Salmonella Check&Trace microarray" (CT) and multiplex PCR (mPCR). For 92 strains in CT result "Salmonella 1,4,[5],12:i:-" were obtained. Those strains were confirmed in mPCR as monophasic fljB-lack Salmonella Typhimurium.

[Occurrence and characterization of monophasic Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica with antigenic formula 1,4, [5], 12: i:-isolated in Poland in 2007-2012].

Introduction: Salmonella is significant etiological agent of bacterial intestinal infections in Poland and other European Union countries. Since the 90's increasing incidence of monophasic Salmonella antigenic formula 1,4,[5],12:i:-has been observed, which are divided into two lineages: Spanish and European. More common European lineage are characterized by antimicrobial resistance ASSuT and DT193 phagetype.

TRS-based PCR as a potential tool for inter-serovar discrimination of Salmonella Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium, S. Infantis, S. Virchow, S. Hadar, S. Newport and S. Anatum.

Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica comprises a number of serovars, many of which pose an epidemiological threat to humans and are a worldwide cause of morbidity and mortality. Most reported food infection outbreaks involve the serovars Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium.

[Gut microbiome and its dysbiosis as an important factor influencing the human health condition].

Human organism consists of not only from numerous of eukaryotic cells but also from thousands of microorganisms. The most complicated is the microflora of gastrointestinal tract. Numerous studies indicates that the complex network of interactions between the host organism and its microbiome can have a very significant impact on the health condition of the host.

Impact of antibiotics on the intestinal microbiota and on the treatment of Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli and Salmonella infections.

This review evaluates the current literature based on the impact of antibiotics on the intestinal microbiota and the critical role of intestinal bacteria in controlling infection and subsequent clinical disease caused by STEC and Salmonella, and the transmissibility of these important pathogens.A number of studies have indicated that antibiotic therapy could result in unexpected changes in the clinical picture of disease. This is observed, for example, in the case of infections associated with Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), when antibiotics used in treatment of the disease may increase the risk of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and thus fatal outcomes.

[Rapid identification of Yersinia enterocolitica by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS)].

Introduction: Yersinia enterocolitica includes both human pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains. The pathogenic strains belong to two evolutionary lineages: European and American, of mild- and high- pthogenicity, respectively. Y.

[Do enteroaggregative Escherichia coli is a significant clinical problem in Poland?].

Introduction: Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli are poorly discovered pathogenic subgroup of these microorganism. They can cause watery diarrhea witch is often persistent. It seems that infections due to EAEC could comprise significant epidemiologic problem, covered especially children from developing countries and travelers visiting these countries.

Validation of direct plating of a stool sample as a method for Listeria monocytogenes detection.

The aim of current studies was to validate the direct plating of a stool sample for Listeria monocytogenes detection, using selective medium Palcam agar with Palcam selective supplement. Validation was performed using stool samples collected from healthy humans inoculated with Listeria sp. strains.

Molecular epidemiology of a household outbreak of Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli in Poland due to secondary transmission of STEC O104:H4 from Germany.

We characterized two STEC O104 : H4 clinical isolates collected in Poland from a 7-year-old boy with haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) and his nanny. This household outbreak began on 29 May 2011. Because of its time-frame, the outbreak was assumed to be part of the international STEC O104 : H4 outbreak that arose in Germany in May 2011.

Plasmid-borne 16S rRNA methylase ArmA in aminoglycoside-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in Poland.

We characterized 17 clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae producing 16S rRNA methylase ArmA. The isolates originated in Poland from 2002 to May 2010 and encompassed four XbaI-PFGE clusters. All the isolates were resistant to amikacin, gentamicin and kanamycin (MIC range: 256-1024 mg l(-1)) and carried the armA gene on a large plasmid of approximately 90 or 130 kb in 15 and 2 isolates, respectively.

[Analysis of the genetic background and mechanisms of dissemination of resistance to tetracycline of the Polish population of Campylobacter strains isolated in Poland in years 2007-2008].

In Poland, constant rise of number of Campylobacter strains resistant to tetracycline is observed in Poland. Analysis of the resistant strains showed their strong diversity, including both the different levels of resistance to this drug, large differences in the sequence of the resistant gene tetO, and diverse phylogenetic origin. The study also confirmed the important role of horizontal spread of resistance which, in the event of such a large diversity of resistant strains, can cause further very rapid escalation of resistance of Campylobacter to tetracycline.

[Molecular investigation of enteroaggregative, shiga toxin-producing E. coli O104:H4 isolated in Poland during the recent international outbreak--characteristic of epidemic clone].

Since early May 2011 a large food-borne outbreak caused by E. coli O104:H4 affected Germany then spread over 13 European countries, U.S.

[Occurrence of 16s rRNA methylase ArmA producing Enterobacteriaceae in a general hospital in Warsaw, Poland].

Resistance to gentamicin, amikacin and kanamycin was screened in 270 clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae originated from April 19 to May 19, 2010 in a regular hospital in Warsaw, Poland. Most of the isolated bacteria were considered pathogenic. Nineteen isolates (7%) were simultaneously resistant to two or three of the tested aminoglycosides.

Emergence of Klebsiella pneumoniae coproducing KPC-2 and 16S rRNA methylase ArmA in Poland.

A Klebsiella pneumoniae epidemic strain that coproduced carbapenemase KPC-2 (K. pneumoniae carbapenemase 2) and 16S rRNA methylase ArmA has emerged in Poland. Four nonduplicate isolates from patients in a hospital in Warsaw, Poland, were found to carry the bla(KPC-2) and armA genes on ca.

[Aminoglycoside resistance in Enterobacteriaceae originated in a gynecology-obstetrical hospital: a survey for 16s rRNA methylases: ArmA, RmtB and RmtC].

We examined the resistance of 2359 clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae to gentamicin, amikacin, netilmicin and neomycin by the disc-diffusion assay. The isolates originated from female-patients and newborn infants in a gynecology-obstetrical hospital in Warsaw, Poland. Isolates from adults predominated.

[Evaluation of PremiTest Salmonella kit for identification of not-typable by conventional methods Salmonella].

Despite the downward trend, Salmonella is still one of the most important bacterial intestinal infections agents. For example, in 2007 y. in Poland over 14 thousands human salmonelosis cases were notified, in 2008 y.

[Dissemination of the KPC carbapenemase producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in a hospital in Warsaw, Poland].

Within the last decade, human infections caused by enterobacteria which produce the Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) became a serious therapeutic and epidemiological problem worldwide. The KPC producing strains of K. pneumoniae broadly disseminated in the USA then spread to Europe.

[Campylobacter spp. as a leading cause of human bacterial gastroenteritis in selected region of Poland].

The results of the epidemiological analysis of campylobacteriosis reported by Regional Laboratory of Sanitary Epidemiological Station in Bielsko-Biala (PSSE Bielsko-Biala), Silesia voivodeship in Poland are presented. From August 2006 to July 2009, stool samples from diarrhea cases were examined for the presence of Campylobacter spp. as well as Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia, enteropathogenic (EPEC) and verotoxigenic (VTEC) E.

[Tigecicline susceptibilities of tetracycline-resistant Campylobacter jejuni clinical strains isolated in Poland].

Campylobacteriosis is a significant public health problem in many developed countries. Campylobacter jejuni is one of the leading causes of food-borne gastroenteritis and enteritis in humans. Treatment of campylobacteriosis is required in severe clinical infections, extraintestinal infections and in immunocompromised patients.

[Fenotypic and genotypic characterization of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O111 strain isolated from patient with hemolytic-uremic syndrome].

Shiga toxin-producing E. coli O157 and non-O157 are important emergance pathogens that can cause diarrhea and hemorrhagic colitis with life-threatening complications, such as hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). A few cases of EHEC infections are documented per year in Poland.