Ultrasound- and microwave-assisted extractions followed by hydride generation inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry for lead determination in geological samples.

Followed the current idea of simplified sample pretratmet before analysis we evaluated the procedure for the determination of Pb in calcium-rich materials such as dolomites after ultrasound- or microwave- assisted extraction with diluted acids using hydride generation inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (HG-ICP-OES). Corresponding Pb hydride was generated in the reaction of an acidified sample solution with NaBH4 after pre-oxidation of Pb(II) to Pb(IV) by K3[Fe(CN)6]. Several chemical (acidic media: HCl, HNO3 or CH3COOH, concentration of the reductant as well as type and concentration of oxidazing agents) and physical (reagents flow rates, reaction coil length) parameters affecting the efficiency of plumbane formation were optimized in order to improve the detectability of Pb using HG-ICP-OES.

Mineral Composition and Nutritive Value of Isotonic and Energy Drinks.

Several very popular brands of isotonic and energy drinks consumed for fluid and electrolyte supplementation and stimulation of mental or physical alertness were chosen for investigation. Liquid beverages available in polyethylene bottles and aluminum cans as well as products in the form of tablets and powder in sachets were studied. The total concentrations of 21 elements (Ag, Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Sr, Ti, V, and Zn), both essential and toxic, were simultaneously determined in preconcentrated drink samples by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) equipped with pneumatic and ultrasonic nebulizers.

Determination of toxic and other trace elements in calcium-rich materials using cloud point extraction and inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry.

A cloud point extraction (CPE) procedure for the simultaneous separation and preconcentration of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn from materials rich in calcium prior to trace element analysis by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) was developed. The method is based on the formation of hydrophobic complexes of the metal ions with PAN or 5-Br-PADAP, followed by their extraction into a surfactant-rich phase using Triton X-114 as the surfactant. The main variables affecting the extraction process, such as pH, concentration of surfactant and chelating agent were optimised.