Mental Health of School-Aged Children Treated with Propranolol or Atenolol for Infantile Hemangioma and Their Parents.

Background: Infants with infantile hemangioma (IH) have been effectively treated with propranolol or atenolol. Concerns were raised about the mental health of these children at school age, due to central nervous system effects of propranolol and visible nature of IH.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the mental health at school age of children treated with propranolol to children treated with atenolol for IHs and their parents.

Anxiety, depression, and quality of life in children and adults with alopecia areata: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Alopecia areata (AA) is a non-scarring hair loss condition, subclassified into AA, alopecia universalis, and alopecia totalis. There are indications that people with AA experience adverse psychosocial outcomes, but previous studies have not included a thorough meta-analysis and did not compare people with AA to people with other dermatological diagnoses. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to update and expand previous systematic reviews, as well as describing and quantifying levels of anxiety, depression, and quality of life (QoL) in children and adults with AA.

Reducing social anxiety in adolescents distressed by a visible difference: Results from a randomised control trial of a web-based intervention.

A visible difference to the face or body may challenge adolescents' adjustment and engagement in life activities, where some require psychosocial support. However, evidence is limited for whether existing interventions for this adolescent group reduce social or appearance-related distress. We therefore conducted a parallel-group, randomised control trial to evaluate the effectiveness of Young Person's Face IT, a self-guided web-based psychosocial intervention developed for adolescents with a visible difference who experience distress.

Emotional and Behavioral Problems in Children With a Cleft Lip With or Without Palate or an Infantile Hemangioma.

Objective: Life can be challenging for children with a visible difference due to a medical condition, and they might be at risk for emotional and behavioral problems. This study examines emotional and behavioral problems in children with a cleft lip with or without palate (CL ± P) or an infantile hemangioma (IH) in relation to the visibility of the condition, the presence of additional condition-related problems, and parental affect.

Setting: This cross-sectional study took place in an academic medical hospital in the Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, the Netherlands.

Insight into the Pathophysiologic Mechanisms behind Cognitive Dysfunction in Trigonocephaly.

Background: The relationship between trigonocephaly and cognitive problems might be explained by: secondary mechanical factors related to growth restriction of the skull, and primary structural defects caused by a shared mechanism related to brain developmental disorder(s) and skull malformation. However, because the exact pathophysiology remains unknown, we examined the pathophysiologic mechanisms behind cognitive dysfunction in patients with trigonocephaly, with an aim of providing a model for cognitive dysfunction based on routinely available variables.

Methods: Included were 72 patients with trigonocephaly who were operated on.

Intellectual, behavioral, and emotional functioning in children with syndromic craniosynostosis.

Objectives: To examine intellectual, behavioral, and emotional functioning of children who have syndromic craniosynostosis and to explore differences between diagnostic subgroups.

Methods: A national sample of children who have syndromic craniosynostosis participated in this study. Intellectual, behavioral, and emotional outcomes were assessed by using standardized measures: Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Third Edition, Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL)/6-18, Disruptive Behavior Disorder rating scale (DBD), and the National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children.

Educational paper: parenting a child with a disfiguring condition-how (well) do parents adapt?

Unlabelled: Studies indicate serious levels of stress among parents of children with a medical condition. Moreover, adaptation seems to be a specific challenge for parents of children with a disfiguring condition because of the visible nature of the condition. In the present overview, we performed a literature search in PubMed, Embase, and PsycINFO to identify both qualitative and quantitative studies concerning psychological distress among parents of children with a disfiguring condition.

Cognitive and behavioral functioning in 82 patients with trigonocephaly.

Background: The main objective of the present study was to assess the prevalence rates of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, and features of autism spectrum disorders in trigonocephalic patients, using validated instruments and by ruling out the confounding influence of IQ. The second aim was to assess the association between extracranial anomalies and cognitive and/or behavioral problems in patients with trigonocephaly.

Methods: Objectives were studied in 82 trigonocephalic patients aged 4 to 18 years at the Erasmus Medical Center in Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

The risk of psychopathology in children with craniosynostosis.

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of behavioral and emotional problems in patients with craniosynostosis and to determine the prospective association of a beaten-copper pattern before 18 months of age with behavioral and emotional problems in patients with craniosynostosis.

Methods: The authors performed a follow-up study of 115 craniosynostosis patients at the Erasmus Children's University Hospital in Rotterdam. Behavioral and emotional problems were assessed with the Child Behavior Checklist at a mean age of 8 years.

Risk factors for visual-motor integration and intelligence in children with craniofacial anomalies.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation between condition variables and child variables in children with craniofacial anomalies (CFA). Condition variables were brain anomalies, obliterated sutures, syndromic diagnosis, hypertelorism, phenotypical expression, age at craniotomy, and hospitalizations. Child variables were visual-motor integration (VMI), intelligence, and sex of subject.

Condition variables in children with craniofacial anomalies: a descriptive study.

The objective of the study is to describe the prevalence of a number of condition variables and their interrelations in children with craniofacial anomalies (CFAs). The participants were 217 children with CFAs (125 boys and 92 girls), aged 5 to 16 years. The medical files and brain imaging provided information on most condition variables except for the variable phenotypical expression, on which information was obtained in a rating experiment.