First-trimester HbA in relation to plasma glucose concentrations in an oral glucose tolerance test at 12 to 16 weeks' gestation-a population-based study.

Background: Early-onset GDM often requires pharmacological treatment and is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes, but data is insufficient regarding the best methods to identify high-risk women requiring early GDM screening. The aim of this study was to analyze the diagnostic accuracy of HbA in the prediction of (1) plasma glucose concentrations > 90th percentile in an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 12-16 weeks' gestation; and (2) pharmacologically treated early- or late-onset GDM.

Methods: HbA was measured at 8-14 weeks' gestation in a population-based cohort of 1394 Finnish women recruited for the Early Diagnosis of Diabetes in Pregnancy (EDDIE) study between 3/2013 and 12/2016.

Large maternal waist circumference in relation to height is associated with high glucose concentrations in an early-pregnancy oral glucose tolerance test: A population-based study.

Introduction: To explore the role of maternal anthropometric characteristics in early-pregnancy glycemia, we analyzed the associations and interactions of maternal early-pregnancy waist circumference (WC), height and pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) with plasma glucose concentrations in an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 12-16 weeks' gestation.

Material And Methods: A population-based cohort of 1361 pregnant women was recruited in South Karelia, Finland, from March 2013 to December 2016. All participants had their WC, weight, height, HbA , and blood pressure measured at 8-14 weeks' gestation and subsequently underwent a 2-h 75-g OGTT, including assessment of fasting insulin concentrations, at 12-16 weeks' gestation.

Oral glucose tolerance test results in early pregnancy: A Finnish population-based cohort study.

Aims: To analyze early-pregnancy oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results and differences between early- and late-pregnancy OGTT results in a population-based cohort.

Methods: From 3/2013 to 12/2016, pregnant women in South Karelia, Finland, were invited to undergo a 2-hour 75 g OGTT at 12-16 weeks' gestation (OGTT1) and, if normal, repeat testing at 24-28 weeks (OGTT2). Early and late gestational diabetes (GDM) were diagnosed using the same nationally endorsed criteria (fasting [FPG], 1- or 2-hour plasma glucose ≥5.

Improved wet weather wastewater influent modelling at Viikinmäki WWTP by on-line weather radar information.

Municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) influent is typically dependent on diurnal variation of urban production of liquid waste, infiltration of stormwater runoff and groundwater infiltration. During wet weather conditions the infiltration phenomenon typically increases the risk of overflows in the sewer system as well as the risk of having to bypass the WWTP. Combined sewer infrastructure multiplies the role of rainwater runoff in the total influent.

Finnish and British mentors' conceptions of facilitating nursing students' placement learning and professional development.

Pre-registration nursing students require varying levels of support during placement learning. Although they receive support from different stakeholders, the support provided by mentors is considered the most significant. Several challenges are encountered in the facilitation of students in placements, particularly in relation to mentors' roles in support and assessment.

Seamless and committed collaboration as an essential factor in effective mentorship for nursing students: conceptions of Finnish and British mentors.

Background: The effective mentorship of nursing students requires that mentors have a range of personal qualities. However, it is also essential to consider the role of other participants, such as colleagues in placement settings and educators in educational institutions, as well as the relationship with students.

Objective: This aim of this study was to describe Finnish and British mentors' (n=39) conceptions of the factors that affect the provision of effective mentorship for pre-registration nursing students in healthcare placements.

Building organizational capacity for effective mentorship of pre-registration nursing students during placement learning: Finnish and British mentors' conceptions.

Health-care organizations have a key role in improving the quality of student mentorship in placements. This study presents the findings of Finnish and British mentors' conceptions of how to build organizational capacity for the provision of effective mentorship for pre-registration nursing students during placement learning. The data obtained from nine semistructured focus group interviews were analyzed using a phenomenographic approach.

A systematic review of mentoring nursing students in clinical placements.

Aim And Objective: This systematic review describes mentoring of nursing students in clinical placements.

Background: Mentoring in nursing has been widely investigated, but mentoring among students has remained vague. There is no universal agreement on student mentoring in nursing placements; therefore, mentoring approaches vary.

Spatial clustering of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Finland at place of birth and place of death.

Previous evidence for spatial clustering of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is inconclusive. Studies that have identified apparent clusters have often been based on a small number of cases, which means the results may have occurred by chance processes. Also, most studies have used the geographic location at the time of death as the basis for cluster detection, rather than exploring clusters at other points in the life cycle.

Mortality from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Finland, 1986-1995.

Objective: To study the possible changes, between 1986 and 1995, in the mortality due to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) among Finnish patients.

Materials And Methods: A total of 1000 deaths from ALS were extracted from the Finnish Death Certificate Register for the study years. General population data were obtained from the Statistical Yearbooks of Finland.

Modelling exposure opportunities: estimating relative risk for motor neurone disease in Finland.

This paper addresses the issues surrounding an individual's exposure to potential environmental risk factors, which can be implicated in the aetiology of a disease. We hope to further elucidate the 'lag' or latency period between the initial exposure to potential pathogens and the physical emergence of the disease, with specific reference to the rare neurological condition, motor neurone disease (MND), using a dataset obtained from the Finnish Death Certificate registry, for MND deaths between the period 1985-1995. A space-time approach is adopted, whereby patterns in both time and space are considered.

Motor and cognitive functions in newly diagnosed adult seizure patients before antiepileptic medication.

Objective: Motor and cognitive functions in patients with partial or generalized onset of seizures were evaluated prior to the administration of antiepileptic medication.

Material And Methods: Motor function, attention and memory of 52 consecutive newly diagnosed adult patients with partial or generalized seizures were assessed with neuropsychological tests.

Results: Patients with partial onset of seizures did not differ from patients with generalized seizures in tests of motor function or attention, nor in tests of learning and memory.